Imaging procedures in adrenal pathology

Goldman, Suzan Menasce; Coelho, Rafael; Filho, Edison de Oliveira Freire; Abdala, Nitamar; Szejnfeld, Dênis; Faria, Juliano Ferreira; Judice, Paola L.P.; Francisco, Viviane Vieira; Kenney, Philip J.; Szejnfeld, Jacob

doi:10.1590/s0004-27302004000500004

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The perinephric fat facilitates examination on CT, and lesions > 10 mm can be easily detected with collimation ≤ 5 mm [19]. CT can also show the size and location of lesions, local or vascular invasion, lymph node involvement and distant metastases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography findings in diseases of the adrenal gland

Öztürk

Sildiroglu

Kantarcı

et al. 2009

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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The adrenal gland is a common site of disease, with an abnormality prevalence as high as 9% in autopsy series. With the increasing use of CT, adrenal lesions are frequently found in the daily practice of radiology and are diagnosed in up to 5% of CT examinations performed for varied reasons. Imaging features on CT can establish a specific diagnosis of many of these lesions, including myelolipoma, hematoma and cysts. Once a diagnostic dilemma, now adenomas can be accurately diagnosed using unenhanced CT, chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging and CT contrast washout analysis. Because the adrenal gland is also a frequent site of metastasis, recent literature has focused on imaging characterization of adrenal masses for differentiation of adenomas from metastases. In patients without known malignancy, most adrenal lesions are benign and a specific diagnosis can now be made on the basis of imaging features. It is important to understand the prevalence of adrenal abnormalities because the gland is a common site of disorders, and the increased use of cross-sectional imaging has increased the frequency of detection of adrenal lesions. The prevalence of disease is important in predicting the risk of malignancy when an adrenal mass is discovered in a patient without known cancer. Detection of adrenal gland diseases has increased substantially with the advent and widespread use of imaging techniques. Although several imaging modalities can be used, CT has a central role in both detection and differential diagnosis of an adrenal lesion. The aim of this article is to review the CT findings of adrenal gland diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography findings in diseases of the adrenal gland

Öztürk

Sildiroglu

Kantarcı

et al. 2009

Wien Klin Wochenschr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5 Imaging Improvements in imaging techniques have allowed the ready detection and characterization of adrenal gland metastases. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Computed tomography (CT) with and without oral and intravenous iodinated contrast is useful in assessing adrenal lesions. Oral contrast should be given to distinguish the adrenal glands from surrounding organs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intracellular lipid content and vascular enhancement are two CT criteria that can be useful in differentiating benign adenomas from malignant adrenal masses. 6 Metastatic lesions typically have low levels of intracytoplasmic fat in the adrenal cortex as compared to adenomas (70% of cases) and will have lower attenuation than adenomas on noncontrast CT. 6,7,10,11 After the administration of iodinated contrast there is usually a more obvious heterogeneous enhancement pattern compared to adenomas and a significantly delayed contrast material washout. 6,7,9 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another useful tool for evaluating metastatic lesions to the adrenal glands.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of metastatic tumors have a signal intensity that is similar to adrenal adenomas and may be confused with benign lesions. 6,7 On T2-weighted imaging, lesions are likely to be heterogeneous and hyper-intense when compared to liver. T2-weighted imaging with opposed-phase imaging (in and out of phase) will show no decrease in intensity secondary to the decreased lipid content in the mass.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using T2-weighted fat-suppressed images, MRI may distinguish between normal and neoplastic tissue. 7 Ultrasonography may detect adrenal lesions that are larger than 2 cm. However, ultrasound has not been as useful as CT in the evaluation of metastatic adrenal lesions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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