Imaging standing waves in a two-dimensional electron gas

Crommie, Michael F.; Lutz, Christopher P.; Eigler, D. M.

doi:10.1038/363524a0

Cited by 1,224 publications

(1,009 citation statements)

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“…However, because of a lack of complementary electronic structure measurements, the authors of these reports were unable to rule out other effects, including Moiré patterns, observed in graphite 32 , electron standing waves, reported in various metals 33 , and surface reconstruction or lattice depletion 31 . It is therefore important to consider these phenomena when examining our data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge density waves in the graphene sheets of the superconductor CaC6

et al. 2011

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Graphitic systems have an electronic structure that can be readily manipulated through electrostatic or chemical doping, resulting in a rich variety of electronic ground states. Here we report the first observation and characterization of electronic stripes in the highly electrondoped graphitic superconductor, CaC 6 , by scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy. The stripes correspond to a charge density wave with a period three times that of the Ca superlattice. Although the positions of the Ca intercalants are modulated, no displacements of the carbon lattice are detected, indicating that the graphene sheets host the ideal charge density wave. This provides an exceptionally simple material-graphene-as a starting point for understanding the relation between stripes and superconductivity. Furthermore, our experiments suggest a strategy to search for superconductivity in graphene, namely in the vicinity of striped 'Wigner crystal' phases, where some of the electrons crystallize to form a superlattice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge density waves in the graphene sheets of the superconductor CaC6

et al. 2011

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“…Noble-metal surface states have been the focus of experimental interest for over two decades, from their initial observation by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy by Gartland and Slagsvold [12] through to recent studies of defect scattering and lateral confinement on surface nanostructures [176][177][178][179][180]. The insight obtained from photoelectron spectroscopy has been reviewed in the preceding Section 3.…”

Section: Scanning Tunneling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay of electronic excitations at metal surfaces

Echenique

Berndt

Chulkov

et al. 2004

Surface Science Reports

438

403

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“…Surface electron scattering is also noticeable at domain boundaries [2] or monatomic step edges [3]. Steps are particularly attractive for tailoring surface states, since one can easily obtain one-dimensional (1D) patterns with spacings of a few nanometres using vicinal surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%