Imaging the neural effects of cognitive bias modification training

Wiers, Corinde E.; Wiers, Reínout W.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.041

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(242 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…23 Overall, these early results provide some evidence that ABM modifies function in emotional regulatory systems although the small study sample sizes and variety of approaches used may underpin the absence of consistent effects across studies. 24 No study has investigated ABM-induced changes in emotion processing using fMRI in a large clinical sample after multiple training sessions. In this pre-registered clinical trial (NCT02931487) we used a sample of 134 participants previously treated for depression and with various degrees of residual symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Bias Modification is associated with fMRI Response towards Negative Stimuli in Residual Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Hilland

Landrø

Harmer

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundModification of attentional biases (ABM) may lead to more adaptive emotion perception and emotion regulation. Understanding the neural basis of these effects may lead to greater precision for future treatment development. Task-related fMRI following ABM training has so far not been investigated in depression. The main aim of the RCT was to explore differences in brain activity after ABM training in response to emotional stimuli. MethodsA total of 134 previously depressed individuals were randomized into 14 days of ABM-or a placebo training followed by an fMRI emotion regulation task. Depression symptoms and subjective ratings of perceived negativity during fMRI was examined between the training groups. Brain activation was explored within predefined areas (SVC) and across the whole brain. Activation in areas associated with changes in attentional biases (AB) and degree of depression was explored. ResultsThe ABM group showed reduced activation within the amygdala and within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) when passively viewing negative images compared to the placebo group. No group differences were found within predefined SVC's associated with emotion regulation strategies. Response within the temporal cortices was associated with degree of change in AB and with degree of depressive symptoms in ABM versus placebo. LimitationsThe findings should be replicated in other samples of depressed patients and in studies using designs that allow analyses of within-group variability from baseline to follow-up. ConclusionsABM training has an effect on brain function within circuitry associated with emotional appraisal and the generation of affective states. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02931487

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Bias Modification is associated with fMRI Response towards Negative Stimuli in Residual Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Hilland

Landrø

Harmer

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, as stated earlier, future research could explore the crucial characteristics that might enhance the effectiveness of CBM, especially in real-world settings, and clarify the functional relationship between CBM and different facets of SAD symptomatology. Recently, a review on the neural effects of CBM for anxiety, addiction, and depression was published in NeuroImage , which included a total of 13 published studies that used (functional) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or electroencephalography as an outcome measure; 5 of these studies were on social anxiety [110]. Future studies could thus adopt some techniques commonly used in cognitive neuroscience (i.e., fMRI) to explore the possible neurobiological basis of CB in SAD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cognitive bias modification on social anxiety: A meta-analysis

Liu

Han

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCognitive bias modification (CBM), a set of techniques for modifying bias in information processing—is considered a novel intervention for social anxiety disorder (SAD), which has drawn considerable interest from researchers. However, the effects of CBM on SAD are not consistent. Some studies have demonstrated significant positive effects compared to control groups, while others have found no such effects.AimsWe conducted a meta-analysis aimed at quantitatively assessing the effects of CBM on SAD at post-test.MethodThrough a systematic literature search by two independent raters, 34 articles (36 randomized studies) including 2,550 participants were identified. A multilevel modeling approach was employed to assess the effects of CBM on SAD, and to explore the potentially crucial procedures and sample characteristics that enhance the effectiveness of benign training.ResultsIn general, there were small but significant effects of CBM on the primary symptoms of SAD (g = 0.17), cognitive bias (CB) toward threat (g = 0.32), and reactivity in stressful situations (g = 0.25), but non-significant effects on secondary symptoms. However, the interpretation modification program was more effective than was attentional bias modification in reducing SAD primary symptoms and negative CB. Laboratory training procedures produced larger primary symptom reductions compared to Internet-based training, whereas the percentage of contingency and feedback about training performance boosted cognitive effects only. Finally, the following groups were more likely to benefit from CBM: younger participants (primary symptoms and cognitive effects), women (primary symptom effects), and samples with stronger CB (stressor effects). The quality of the randomized controlled trials was less than desirable, as there was some indication of publication bias in our study.ConclusionsCurrent findings broadly supported cognitive theories of SAD that consider a bidirectional or mutually reinforcing relationship between symptoms and CBs. However, the small therapeutic effect observed here indicates that it is necessary to develop more reliable and efficient CBM interventions that are specific to SAD.

show abstract

“…The psychological mechanisms that underpin the behavioural effects of CAT are fairly well-understood: the reversal of automatic approach bias (Eberl et al 2013) and, in particular, the strengthening of automatic alcohol-avoidance associations (Gladwin et al 2015) can account for the beneficial effects of CAT on long-term outcomes in alcohol-dependent patients. However, the brain mechanisms that underlie these changes in alcohol-avoidance and alcohol-approach associations after CAT have only recently been investigated, and they remain poorly understood (den Uyl et al 2016a, b;Ferrari et al 2018;Wiers et al 2014;Wiers and Wiers 2016). Two fMRI studies demonstrated reduced activation in the amygdala (Wiers et al 2015b) and in the mPFC (Wiers et al 2015a) in alcohol-dependent patients after multiple sessions of CAT, which is suggestive of a blunting of activity in neural substrates of alcohol cue reactivity (Schacht et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-related and readiness potentials when preparing to approach and avoid alcohol cues following cue avoidance training in heavy drinkers

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rationale Cue avoidance training (CAT) reduces alcohol consumption in the laboratory. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the effects of this intervention are poorly understood. Objectives The present study investigated the effects of a single session of CAT on event-related and readiness potentials during preparation of approach and avoidance movements to alcohol cues. Methods Heavy drinking young adults (N = 60) were randomly assigned to complete either CAT or control training. After training, we recorded participants' event-related and motor readiness potentials as they were preparing to respond. Results In the CAT group, N200 amplitude was higher when preparing to approach rather than avoid alcohol pictures. In the control group, N200 amplitudes did not differ for approach and avoidance to alcohol pictures. Regarding the late positive potential (LPP), in the CAT group, the negativity of this was blunted when preparing to avoid alcohol pictures relative to when preparing to avoid control pictures. In the control group, the negativity of the LPP was blunted when preparing to approach alcohol pictures relative to when preparing to approach control pictures. There were no effects on motor readiness potentials. Behavioural effects indicated short-lived effects of training on reaction times during the training block that did not persist when participants were given time to prepare their motor response before executing it during the EEG testing block. Conclusions After a single session of CAT, the enhanced N200 when approaching alcohol cues may indicate the engagement of executive control to overcome the associations learned during training. These findings clarify the neural mechanisms that may underlie the effects of CAT on drinking behaviour.

show abstract

Imaging the neural effects of cognitive bias modification training

Cited by 43 publications

References 137 publications

Attentional Bias Modification is associated with fMRI Response towards Negative Stimuli in Residual Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Attentional Bias Modification is associated with fMRI Response towards Negative Stimuli in Residual Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of cognitive bias modification on social anxiety: A meta-analysis

Event-related and readiness potentials when preparing to approach and avoid alcohol cues following cue avoidance training in heavy drinkers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About