Imaging the nonlinear grating in frequency-doubling fibres

Margulis, Walter; Laurell, Fredrik; Lesche, B.

doi:10.1038/378699a0

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Defects in epithelial organs, other than the metanephros, were not reported in either the ret or the GDNF null mutant animals, suggesting that this signalling system may be specific for the metanephros. However, the lack of any phenotype in a null mutant does not always indicate that a signalling system is absent or inactive in vivo since there can be redundancy, as has been shown for the met RTK and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. The interaction between GDNF and ret is facilitated by a co-receptor for GDNF (GDNFRα), a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked protein [17, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Stimulates Ureteric Bud Outgrowth and Enhances Survival of Ureteric Bud Cells in vitro

Towers¹,

Woolf

Hardman

1998

Nephron Exp Nephrol

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Development of epithelial organs requires co-ordinated interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Studies using null mutant mice have indicated that the ret receptor and its ligand, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), are crucial for initiation of development of the metanephric kidney. However, the role of this signalling system in other branching organs has not been analysed. Here we describe detailed expression studies of ret, GDNF, and a co-receptor for GDNF (GDNFRα) in the developing mouse metanephros, lung, and submandibular salivary gland. Also, we examined the role of this signalling system in the development of these organs in vitro. In situ hybridisation revealed differences in the spatial distribution of the three transcripts in the different organs. At the initiation of metanephric development, late on embryonic day 10 (E10), ret and GDNFRα were detected in the Wolffian duct (including the presumptive ureteric bud) whilst the presumptive metanephric mesenchyme expressed GDNFRα and GDNF. Later in development, all three transcripts were restricted to the nephrogenic zone. In contrast, expression in the lung was not detectable by in situ hybridisation until after initiation of development, at E13.5. At this time ret was expressed throughout the epithelium; GDNF was detected throughout the mesenchyme, and GDNFRα was present in the proximal epithelium and mesenchyme only. Ret and GDNF were not detected in the epithelium or mesenchyme of the developing salivary gland, however, GDNFRα was expressed in the mesenchyme at E13.5 and E16.5. Functional studies demonstrated that in organ culture, GDNF significantly increased branching morphogenesis of the E11.5 metanephros, and induced the formation of ectopic ureteric buds from the base of the bud and from the Wolffian duct. The development of lung and salivary primordia were not affected under similar growth conditions. In a novel ureteric bud primary culture system, GDNF significantly increased cell numbers at 24 and 48 h. In cells cultured on laminin this increase was due to increased survival and proliferation, whereas in cells cultured on fibronectin, only survival was enhanced. Our data suggest that GDNF stimulates outgrowth of the ureteric bud, in part, by enhancing cell survival and possibly by increasing proliferation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Stimulates Ureteric Bud Outgrowth and Enhances Survival of Ureteric Bud Cells in vitro

Towers¹,

Woolf

Hardman

1998

Nephron Exp Nephrol

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“…The ring shaped pattern (typical for Laguerre-Gaussian TEM 01* mode) observed in the far-field suggests presence of phase singularity and thus optical vortex generation. Estimated effective second order nonlinearity in our experimental conditions is 0.03 pm/V, which is of the same order as in poled silica fibres [4,5]. Increasing the interaction length to 1 mm, e.g.…”

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confidence: 61%

Second Harmonic Optical Vortex Generation in Air

Beresna

Kazansky

Svirko

et al. 2010

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010

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Abstract:We demonstrate second harmonic vortex generation in atmospheric pressure air using tightly focused femtosecond laser beam. The average second harmonic power is two orders of magnitude higher compared to previous reports. High intensity ultrashort laser pulses have made it possible to discover such new phenomena as coherent X-ray generation, nonlinear Thomson scattering and frequency doubling in gases. In the experiments for the usually forbidden second harmonic generation (SHG) in low-pressure gases and metal vapors [1], low numerical aperture (NA) optics was conventionally used, Here we demonstrate second harmonic optical vortex generation in atmospheric pressure air using tightly focused femtosecond laser beam with linear and circular polarizations. The estimated conversion efficiency value was 4×10 -6 , corresponding to two orders of magnitude increase in normalized efficiency and average second harmonic (SH) power compared to previously reported [2].

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“…Ismail et al [27]reported that growth of hepatocytes cultured in serum-free William E medium containing insulin and hydrocortisone were stimulated by EGF. HGF has been shown to enhance albumin production as well as stimulate DNA synthesis of hepatocytes [28, 29, 30, 31]. Ismail et al [27]and Kimura et al [32]reported that insulin stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation of primary hepatocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Viability and Functions of Suckling Pig Hepatocytes Cultured in Serum-Free Medium at High Density

Chen

Ding²,

Zhang³

2002

Dig Surg

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Background: In bioartificial liver preparation, serum-contained medium is ordinarily replaced by serum-free medium and hepatocytes are generally cultured at high density. This study was to undertaken to evaluated the dynamic changes in morphology, viability and functions of porcine hepatocytes in serum-free medium at high density. Methods: Hepatocytes were isolated from suckling pigs by modified two-step in situ collagenase perfusion method and cultured in serum-free medium at high density. Morphology, viability, protein and glucose syntheses, G-6-Pase activity, diazepam transformation of hepatocytes and release of LDH in supernatant during 7 days of culture were evaluated. These measurements were also determined on both groups of hepatocytes cultured at low-density in serum-free medium and serum-contained medium, which served as control groups. Results: Morphology and protein synthesis of hepatocytes cultured in serum-free medium at high density were stable over the course of 7 days. High viability (>90%) was obtained though it declined with time. Diazepam transformation of cells was higher on days 2 and 3. Glucose synthesis of cells declined from day 3 to day 7. G-6-Pase activity of the hepatocytes declined apparently after 1 day of culture and it was maintained at a low level from day 1 to day 7. Release of LDH in supernatant was higher on days 1, 2 and 3. There were no significant differences in viability and functions of hepatocytes except for G-6-Pase activity at low-density culture between the serum-free medium group and the serum-contained medium group. The functions of hepatocytes cultured at high density were lower than at low-density culture. Conclusions: The results showed that the morphology, viability, protein synthesis and diazepam transformation of hepatocytes cultured in serum-free medium at high density were maintained during 7 days of culture. The serum-free medium provided indices of cell viability and functions that were comparable to serum-contained medium. The functions of hepatocyte cultured at high density (1 × 10⁷ cells/ml) were lower than at low density (5 × 10⁵ cells/ml).

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Imaging the nonlinear grating in frequency-doubling fibres

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Stimulates Ureteric Bud Outgrowth and Enhances Survival of Ureteric Bud Cells in vitro

Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Stimulates Ureteric Bud Outgrowth and Enhances Survival of Ureteric Bud Cells in vitro

Second Harmonic Optical Vortex Generation in Air

Morphology, Viability and Functions of Suckling Pig Hepatocytes Cultured in Serum-Free Medium at High Density

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