Imbalance of Fecal Microbiota at Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes in Chinese Children

Abstract

Background:Recent studies have indicated that an imbalance of gut microbiota is associated with the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and there is no literature regarding it in Chinese children yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alteration of gut microbiota between children with newly diagnosed T1DM and healthy controls and to determine if gut microbiota could partly explain the etiology of this disease.Methods:A case-control study was carried out with 15 children with T1DM and 15 healthy children. The fecal bacteria composition was investigated by high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene and analyzed by the estimators of community richness (Chao) indexes.Results:There was a notable lower richness of fecal bacteria in T1DM group than controls (156.53 ± 36.96 vs. 130.0 ± 32.85, P = 0.047). At the genus level, the composition of Blautia was increased in T1DM group than control group whereas the composition of Haemophilus, Lachnospira, Dialister, and Acidaminococcus was decreased. In addition, we found that the percentage of Blautia was correlated positively with HbA1c (ρ = 0.40, P = 0.031), the numbers of T1DM autoantibodies (ρ = 0.42, P = 0.023), and the titers of tyrosine phosphatase autoantibodies (IA-2) (ρ = 0.82, P = 0.000) in the study.Conclusions:This study showed that gut microbiota was associated with the development of T1DM by affecting the autoimmunity, and the results suggested a potential therapy for T1DM via modulating the gut microbiota.

Genistein prevention of hyperglycemia and improvement of glucose tolerance in adult non-obese diabetic mice are associated with alterations of gut microbiome and immune homeostasis

“…In spite of the protective effect of GEN on T1D among females, increased Erysipelotrichaceae (28), and decreased Escherichia (27), Lachnoslira (25), Firmicutes (other genus) and Enterococcus (29) at the genus level suggested a pro-inflammatory status in our GEN-treated NOD females. At the order level, increased Erysipetotrichalae (28) and Clostridia (other order), and decreased Firmicutes (other order) also indicated an exacerbating effect of T1D.…”

“…3C) and six at the genus level (Fig. 3D) were significantly increased following GEN treatment, suggesting a pro-inflammatory effect (25, 27-29). In addition, we have found that two diets used in this study had a differential effect (indicated by α-diversity, β-diversity, and taxonomy) on gut microbiome in VH females, which is in agreement with previous literatures (30).…”

The microbiome in autoimmune diseases

“…In an interesting Chinese study, the faecal samples of children with T1DM were lower in abundance of bacteria than healthy controls, in particular Intestinimonas, a newly isolated Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria producing butyrate. Comparatively, an increase of Blautia was found in these patients [46].…”

Current understanding of the role of gut dysbiosis in type 1 diabetes

“…48 Type 1 diabetes subjects show altered composition and diversity of their gut microbiome. Different clinical studies [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] involving changes in the gut microbiome of T1D subjects are summarized in Table 1.…”