Imidazolium based ionic liquid stabilized foams for conformance control: bulk and porous scale investigation

Abstract

Ionic liquid aggregates at the gas–liquid interface.

Study on Screening and Evaluation of Foam Drainage Agents for Gas Wells with High Temperature and High Pressure

“…24 Moreover, due to the high salinity of formation water in the actual foam drainage gas recovery technology, there were a lot of electrolytes in the foam system. 25,26 When the temperature increased, the irregular movement of these electrolytes in the foam liquid film became increasingly more intense, thus accelerating the drainage effect and making the foam liquid film thin until it finally broke. 27 Figure 6 shows that the comprehensive indexes of UT-11C and UT-6 were higher than those for the other four at the same temperature, indicating that UT-11C and UT-6 had better temperature resistance than the other four FDAs.…”

“…On the other hand, the higher viscosity of the liquid film made it more difficult for the gas inside the foam to diffuse outward through the liquid film. − Therefore, with the increase of temperature, the viscosity of the liquid phase decreased, resulting in a rapid weakening of foamability and foam stability . Moreover, due to the high salinity of formation water in the actual foam drainage gas recovery technology, there were a lot of electrolytes in the foam system. , When the temperature increased, the irregular movement of these electrolytes in the foam liquid film became increasingly more intense, thus accelerating the drainage effect and making the foam liquid film thin until it finally broke …”

“… 24 Moreover, due to the high salinity of formation water in the actual foam drainage gas recovery technology, there were a lot of electrolytes in the foam system. 25 , 26 When the temperature increased, the irregular movement of these electrolytes in the foam liquid film became increasingly more intense, thus accelerating the drainage effect and making the foam liquid film thin until it finally broke. 27 …”

Study on the Dual Effects of MgCl2 on the Characteristics of Foams Stabilized by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

“…9 Foam applications have high requirements for foam stability and foaming capacity, so this is a hot topic in foam system performance research. 10,11 Materials such as nanoparticles, polymers, and other surfactants are often used to assist surfactants in stabilizing foams. 12,13 Nanoparticles play an important role in preventing liquid film precipitation and stabilizing foams, but their presence usually significantly reduces the foaming capacity of the system.…”

“…Surfactants, due to their unique amphiphilic structure, adsorb at the gas–liquid interface to hinder liquid film precipitation and foam agglomeration. , This causes a reduction in the interfacial generation energy and surface tension, which makes it easy for the surfactant solution to form foams under perturbation . Foam applications have high requirements for foam stability and foaming capacity, so this is a hot topic in foam system performance research. , Materials such as nanoparticles, polymers, and other surfactants are often used to assist surfactants in stabilizing foams. , Nanoparticles play an important role in preventing liquid film precipitation and stabilizing foams, but their presence usually significantly reduces the foaming capacity of the system. − The mechanism of foam stabilization by polymers cooperating with surfactants is that the surfactant adsorbs on the polymer chain, causing a change in the polymer conformation and increasing the viscosity of the liquid film to improve the foam stability, but the surface tension increases slightly, which cannot improve the foaming performance. , In addition, clays, hydrophobic proteins, and transition metal complexes have been used to enhance foam stability. , …”