Immediate hypersensitivity to nickel

Type 1 and type IV hypersensitivity to nickel

“…The results from the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies demonstrated that nickel sulfate is the most commonly encountered allergen during patch testing, with 19.7% of patients reacting to it 1 . Very few cases of type 1 hypersensitivity to nickel have been reported 2–4 . The mechanism behind this is not fully understood, although it has been postulated that nickel may act as a mast cell discharger on a non‐immunological basis 5 …”

Immediate and delayed allergy to nickel with contact urticaria, rhinitis, asthma and contact dermatitis

“…Davies 1986 [6] reported three cases of probable nickel asthma, but no specific tests were made. In the previous cases the patch test substance, nickel sulphate in petrolatum, has been used to demonstrate the immediate skin reaction [7][8][9]21,23] but it is probable that in most cases hapten-HSA conjugates [ 18, or hapten-water solutions are better for skin-prick testing. Nickel sulphate-HSA has been used in one study with success [2] but we had difficulties in developing a good nickel-HSA conjugate although conjugates with many other small molecular weight chemicals such as phthalic anhydrides, diisocyanates and epoxy resins have been prepared and tested with success [18,26].…”