Immediate (type I) allergic responses to platinum compounds

Abstract

A series of platinum complexes has beeti used for allergy tests in a tiumber of platinum refinery workers who are known to be sensitive to hexachloroplatinate ([PtCl(,]^^) salts. The results show that the allergy-eliciting compounds are confined to a very small group of ionic complexes containing reactive halogen ligands. Neutral complexes and those containing more strongly bound ligands are totally inactive. These variations in activity are interpreted in terms of established kinetic and thermodynamic parameters.

Hypersensitivity reactions related to oxaliplatin (OHP)

“…In the 1950s, literature reported the capacity of platinum salts to induce bronchial asthma among platinum-refinery workers (Hunter et al, 1945). It is not surprising that after the introduction of platinum compounds into chemotherapy, their association with type I hypersensitivity reactions was confirmed (Cleare et al, 1976). These reactions were first described for CDDP with a 5 -20% incidence (Wiesenfeld et al, 1979;Shleback et al, 1995;Ö zgüroglu et al, 1999), and evidence regarding similar reactions for CBDCA are also available (Planner et al, 1991;Morgan et al, 1994;Weideman et al, 1994;Markman et al, 1999).…”

“…For other platinum compounds, this kind of reaction is well known (Cleare et al, 1976;Wiesenfeld et al, 1979;Planner et al, 1991;Morgan et al, 1994;Weideman et al, 1994;Shleback et al, 1995;Markman et al, 1999;Ö zgüroglu et al, 1999). On data sheets of OHP, these clinical features are not stressed.…”

Allergy to the complex salts of platinum. A review of the literature and three case reports.

“…The allergenic potency of the platinum salts is determined by their electric charge and the number of reactive halide ligands. Hexa-and tetrachloroplatinates are the most potent (1,2,14). No anaphylactic reactions to metallic platinum or the chlorides of the other members of group VIII have been reported {4, 7, 9).…”

“…Exposure to the complex salts of platinum, especially ammonium hexa-and tetrachloroplatinate, may elicit anaphylactic reactions such as conjunctivitis, rhinorrhea, sneezing, cough, asthma, and urticaria (2,4,7,11,12,16,18). Anaphylactic shock can be provoked by a skin test (4,9,11) and by the injection of platinum antitumor agents (8).…”

“…To confirm the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to complex salts of platinum, a skin test is performed, usually as a prick test (2,5,15,18), but even epicutaneous application may be used <18). Inhalation of the dust of ammonium hexachloroplatinate can be used for a definite confirmation of the diagnosis.…”