Immigrant Wage Differentials and the Role of Self‐employment in Australia*

Kidd, Michael P.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8454.1993.tb00133.x

Cited by 55 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…But in theory, the effects of age on self-employment choice also has two aspects, on the one hand, the growth of the age for the more entrepreneurial experience accumulation, is more conducive to self-employment activities; the increase of age, on the other hand, the general risk preference is lower, engaged in self-employment proportion will decline. Kidd are analyzed, the structure that is more likely to be nonlinear relationship between age and the self-employment, into the age of the self-employment peak between the ages of 35 to 44 [9]. With previous year employment as explanatory variables, got similar results.…”

Section: Personal Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 51%

Literature Review about the Influence Factors of Self-Employment

Wan¹

2017

AJIBM

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The laborer's employment form can be subdivided into wage-employment, self-employment and unemployment. Self-employment can also be called entrepreneurship, in response to the statement "Public entrepreneurship, Peoples innovation" put forward by the prime minister Li Keqiang. In recent years, self-employment has been attracting more and more attention of researchers, and becomes the research hot spot problem. Self-employment plays an important role in reducing poverty, fostering innovation, developing entrepreneurial economy, promoting economic growth, expanding employment, improving the quality of employment, cultural exchange, taxation and self-efficacy. This paper first analyzes the current situation of self-employment, and then summarizes the significance of self-employment by searching relevant literatures. At the same time, it reviews the relevant literatures at home and abroad, summarizes the research on influential factors of self-employment. The status of self-employment clarifies the factors affecting self-employment. Finally, it points out the shortcomings of the current study, and looks forward to the future trend of research.

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Section: Personal Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 51%

Literature Review about the Influence Factors of Self-Employment

Wan¹

2017

AJIBM

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“…Considering the theoretical rationale, the operational model depends upon the factors which are provided by the data. Generally, we have found in the past studies in the self-employment literature (e.g., Rees and Shah, 1986, Borjas, 1987, Evans, 1989, de Wit, 1993, Bernhardt, 1994, Kidd, 1993) that self-employment is determined by both human capital and non-human capital variables which are discussed below. The justification for including these variables in the women self-employment model and their expected relationships are interpreted below.…”

Section: Variables Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…So, it is not surprising that various studies have concluded mixed effects of educational attainment on self-employment. Kidd (1993) has concluded that tendency to be self-employed is not significantly influenced by the educational attainment. Further, according to Evans' (1989) study, it is found that self-employment is inversely and significantly influenced by the level of education among immigrants.…”

Section: Variables Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Women are Self-Employed? Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Faridi¹,

Chaudhry²,

Malik³

2011

IJEF

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In developing economies like Pakistan, the rising trend of women's labor participation has become the core indicator of growth and development. In this respect, the MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) relates to efficiency and equity, especially elimination of gender disparities in education, improvement of maternal health, lessening mortality rate among children and women empowerment are desirable goals. But still the representation of women in wage as well as in the self-employment sector is very low. The present study investigates the factors which influence women's participation in self-employment. Primary source of data is used for empirical analysis. Logistic regression technique is employed to estimate the women self-employment model. The findings indicate that age and experience positively affects women's self-employment. Further, it is concluded that education, location and number of dependents significantly reduce the women's work participation as self-employed worker. It is suggested that the government provide technical and vocational education to the women, and also give old age benefits just to minimize the dependency burden.Keywords: Women Self-employment, Experience, Logistic regression, Dependency burden, Higher Education, Per Capita Income. IntroductionThe population of Pakistan indicates a double faced phenomenon. On the one side, population of the country is considered as an asset and performs an integral role in the growth and development process of the country. On the other hand, the high growth rate of population is a great hindrance in way of economic prosperity and development of the country. For examining the role of human capital in economic development, it is imperative to study both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the population. At the time of independence in 1947, the total population of Pakistan was 32.5 million. By the year 2006-07, the population reached 156.77 million. The population of Pakistan has grown at an average rate of 2.6 percent per year. The changes in the labor force and employment level are affected by the population growth rate and its composition. This high growth rate of population shows that Pakistan will become the eighth most populous country in the world by the year 2010 (Govt. of Pakistan Economic Survey 2006-07). Employment generation, poverty reduction and human resource development are the main features of Pakistan development policy. The employment led growth rate captures a central place in attaining the sustained development. Table 1 highlights the labor force participation (LFPR) among the region and gender based on crude activity rates in the years 1996-97 to 2005-06. The labor force of Pakistan was estimated at 50.05 million on the basis of participation rate of 32.2 percent during the year 2005-06. During the two years, this rate has increased from 45.23 million to the present level by adding 4.82 million, both men and women. The present situation nevertheless is the information about a high dependency ratio. From the table 1, ...

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“…The approach is based on the estimation of two separate earnings equations for each group, which are then used in the estimation of the wage gap due to differences in observed characteristics (explained part) and due to differences in coefficients which is referred as discrimination (see e.g. Kidd, 1993;Golder, 2000;Nielsen, 2000;Nielsen et al, 2004;Aldashev et al, 2008) …”

Section: Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native-immigrant wage differentials in Greece: discrimination and assimilation

Chletsos

Roupakias

2016

Applied Economics

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This paper applies the Blinder-Oaxaca methodology in order to decompose the average earnings differentials between Greek workers and different groups of immigrants. We use information about 8,429 individuals of which 1,185 are immigrants. The data are drawn from the Greek Labor Force Survey (2009). The main objective is to explore how much of the differential is explained by differences in observed characteristics. We also investigate the effect that assimilation has on the immigrants' earnings. Our results provide empirical evidence that the part of the wage gap due to differences in the coefficients is largest for immigrants originating from non-EU countries and negative for those immigrants who terminated education in Greece. JEL: J71, J61

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Immigrant Wage Differentials and the Role of Self‐employment in Australia*

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Literature Review about the Influence Factors of Self-Employment

Literature Review about the Influence Factors of Self-Employment

Why Women are Self-Employed? Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Native-immigrant wage differentials in Greece: discrimination and assimilation

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