Immiscible Hydrocarbon Wag: Laboratory to Field

Ramachandran, K.P.; Gyani, Omkar Nath; Sur, Sidhartha

doi:10.2118/128848-ms

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The results of the pilot were favorable, with a 5.7 fold increase in oil production and an average decreased water cut from 78% to 68%. Whereas the laboratory studies indicate an IWAG incremental recovery of 14.5% OOIP, the pilot simulation studies indicate a 9.5 % OOIP incremental recovery (Ramachandran et al, 2010. Baojun and Cai, Y, 1997 was a report titled ЉPilot Test of Water alternating Gas Injection in Heterogeneous Thick Reservoirs of Positive Rhythm Sedimentation of Daqing Oil Field.Љ The authors reported a 3% incremental recovery from the IWAG pilot and a predicted 8% incremental ultimate recovery.…”

Section: E Field Offshore West Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immiscible Water Alternating Gas (IWAG) EOR: Current State of the Art

Holtz¹

2016

SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference

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Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a general application used in mature oil fields to generate additional reserve growth. Several types of EOR applications are implemented in the oil industry. One such application is the injection of gas into a reservoir as a gas displacement recovery (GDR) mechanism to induce additional reserve growth. A specific type of GDR application is the immiscible water-alternatinggas (IWAG) displacement process. In this application a slug of water is put into an injection well, followed by gas, which exists as a separate phase from the water and oil. Water and gas injection slugs are alternated until the designed amount of gas has been injected, or as field production dictates. Continuous water (case water) is typically injected after the IWAG process.Herein, the state-of-art of IWAG EOR is described from an extensive literature review. First, the theories of the recovery mechanisms that cause IWAG to produce incremental oil are described. These mechanisms include viscosity reduction, 3-phase relative permeability, oil swelling, and oil film flow, all of which are a function of fluid and rock-fluid interactions. Next, salient laboratory studies are summarized, including micromodel and core floods. These studies test pore-level characteristics, displaying ranges of residual non-wetting phase saturations (hydrocarbons) down to 0.13 to 0.25 and incremental oil recovery ranging from 14% to 20% of OOIP. Some experiments isolate a specific recovery mechanism in order to determine its validity and contribution to recovery. Studies generally point to the conclusion that the gas type shows no discernable difference in recovery character.The paper concludes with a synopsis of results from small-scale field trials and field-scale projects in both heavy and light oil. Both simulation modeling and field trials are summarized. Projects have been implemented with varying types of gases, WAG ratios, and gas slug sizes, resulting in incremental reserve growth being reported in the range of 2 to 9%. The fundamental immiscible recovery mechanisms in IWAG can produce lower cost and faster response EOR projects, with moderate recovery efficiency gains.• N 2 • CO 2 • Flue gas (a combination of several gases from combustion) • Hydrocarbon gas, lean and enriched • Air SPE-179604-MS

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Section: E Field Offshore West Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immiscible Water Alternating Gas (IWAG) EOR: Current State of the Art

Holtz¹

2016

SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference

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“…Thermal method comprises approximately 70 % of all EOR techniques followed in India, which includes 50 % of in situ combustion (Ramachandran et al 2010). In many heavy oilfields in onshore assets operated by ONGC, in situ combustion has been used.…”

Section: Eor Techniques In Indian Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques for Indian Reservoirs

2015

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The overall oil production worldwide has declined due to the increase in maturity of the oil reservoirs. In developing countries like India, the oil production and demand plays a crucial role for the development of economy of the country. However, the domestic crude oil production is insufficient to meet the requirement for energy. Thus, there is a big challenge to minimize the gap between the demand and supply for crude oil. Several methods to enhance oil recovery have been developed to increase the production from matured reservoirs and are referred to as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. This chapter discusses in detail about the various EOR methods, their applicability, and the screening criteria for various reservoir types. The EOR methods are further discussed in Indian contexts. This chapter also summarizes the details of various oilfields in India. The chapter will in general, help to understand the recent trends and the need of EOR for Indian oil reservoirs.

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“…Simulation of WAG injection process carried out for the pilot area indicated that WAG injection could yield in approximately 9.5 % incremental recovery over the base case of water injection [18]. Water injection was initiated at early life of the reservoir and has recovered about 30% of OIIP.…”

Section: Study Of 10 Years Wag Injection In Gullfask Field Conducted mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Different I-WAG Schemes Toward Optimization of Displacement Efficiency

et al. 2011

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The success of the hydrocarbon recovery improvement via Water Alternative Gas injection process is closely related to the microscopic displacement and macroscopic sweep efficiency. Effectiveness of the successive displacements by water and gas injections, maximizing the three phase zones by optimum force balancing in the reservoir, WAG injection cycle, double displacement and film drainage process are among the important parameters that affect the sweep and displacement efficiency in WAG process. Water and gas injection scheme play an important role in optimization of these parameters. Different schemes of WAG injection have been reported in open literature including gas injection up dip, water injection down dip and vice versa.In this paper, the efficiency of various WAG injection schemes toward improvement of the above important parameters will be presented. Detailed theoretical investigation and simulation study are conducted. A new injection scheme is proposed. In the proposed methodology, water is injected from down dip and gas is injected from up dip in the first cycle. In the second cycle, gas is injected from down dip and water is injected from up dip. Water and gas injection location will alternatively change in each cycle of injection. Different design parameters are considered and studied including mobility ratio between water and oil phases, location of the water and the gas injectors, injection rate, WAG injection cycle. The results show that the proposed methodology has significant improvement on the displacement efficiency and three phase zone size and hence yield higher hydrocarbon recovery.

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Immiscible Hydrocarbon Wag: Laboratory to Field

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Immiscible Water Alternating Gas (IWAG) EOR: Current State of the Art

Immiscible Water Alternating Gas (IWAG) EOR: Current State of the Art

Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques for Indian Reservoirs

Investigation of Different I-WAG Schemes Toward Optimization of Displacement Efficiency

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