Immobilization and controlled release of β-galactosidase from chitosan-grafted hydrogels

Superabsorbent hydrogels based on polysaccharides for application in agriculture as soil conditioner and nutrient carrier: A review

“…3.2.1. Effect of temperature and pH in the swelling degree Greater hydrogel swelling occurs at higher temperatures due to a combination of the following factors: (i) network thermal expansion, and (ii) destabilization of network junctions, causing expansion of the matrix after water diffuses into the porous structure [112,113]. When the swelling is conducted in acidic media, the 3D hydrogel network may be destabilized [97,112].…”

“…Water molecules and solutes are absorbed due to interactions with hydrophilic groups such as caboxylates and amines, forming hydrogen and covalent bonds, beyond other physical interactions [131]. The swelling degree can be controlled by the variation of the chemical composition and crosslinking degree of the polymer network, and pH, temperature and ionic strength of swelling solutions [97,104,110,112,113,121,[132][133][134].…”

“…The fraction of nutrient, herbicide, pesticide or other solute released from chemically crosslinked hydrogels may be calculated according to Eq. (10) [97,113].…”

Preparation and Characterization of Functionalized Chitosan Derivatives from Prawn Waste for Cellulose Fibre Modification to Enhance Textile Properties

“…hydrophilic groups on chitosan backbone such as carboxymethyl, dihydroxyethyl, sulfate, phosphate, hydroxyalkylamino, or by grafting a water soluble polymer [16][17][18] and quaternization of amine group of chitosan [19]. Among these, due to permanent positive charge on nitrogen atom, the quaternary chitosan derivatives show higher affinity for cellulose fibre surface and H-bonding potential, which can improve the tensile strength of the modified cellulose fibres [20].…”

Quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan: preparation and antimicrobial property for paper

“…Chitosan has reactive amino and hydroxyl groups, both of which can be used to chemically alter chitosan’s properties under mild reaction conditions. Therefore, many water-soluble derivatives have been prepared by introducing hydrophilic groups such as carboxymethyl, dihydroxyethyl, sulfate, phosphate, hydroxyalkylamino, or by grafting a water-soluble polymer on the macromolecular chain of chitosan [11,12,13]. Polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds have received the most attention over the years [13–15].…”