Immobilization-free DNA-based homogeneous electrochemical biosensors

Recent advances in applications of surfactant‐based voltammetric sensors

“…Zwitterionic amphoteric surfactants produce a positive or negative charge depending on the pH value of the solution (Rekha et al, 2009). Surfactants as organized assemblies are significantly applied in ordinary life, chemical industry, medical science, material processing, and the other significant scope such as nano reactors, drug carriers, and fabrication of sensors (Eivazzadeh‐Keihan et al, 2018; Hayes & Smith, 2019; Jain & Rather, 2011b; Le Guenic et al, 2019; Li, Luo, et al, 2015; Zahid et al, 2017; Zhang, Cai, et al, 2016).…”

“…Today, electrochemical sensors have become an essential category of chemical sensors, which have many advantages, including suitable field‐based size, absolute discrimination ability, and fast response (Afzali et al, 2016; Hatami et al, 2019; Housaindokht et al, 2018; Nasiri et al, 2021; Zahid et al, 2017). They have received much consideration, both in fundamental research and practical applications, because of their several benefits such as easy construction, reasonable cost, outstanding detection limits with sufficiency to the complicated biofluids (Eivazzadeh‐Keihan et al, 2018; Zhang, Cai, et al, 2016). Voltammetry is an important electrochemical technique on which many of the electrochemical sensors relies.…”

Physical Surface Modification of Carbon-Nanotube/Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Electrodes for High-Sensitivity DNA Detection

“…Therefore, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing techniques for detecting highly sensitive sequence-specific DNA sensors based on optical [6,7], electrical [8,9] and electrochemical [1,3,10,11] methods. Among these techniques, electrochemical methods have received considerable attention because they can be used to fabricate fast, simple, highly sensitive, and miniature DNA sensors [12,13]. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a very accurate electrochemical method, which is sensitive to changes on the electrode surface and is suitable for label-free DNA detection [14,15].…”

An electrogenerated chemiluminescence aptasensor for lysozyme based on the interaction between Ru(bpy)32+ and cucurbit[8]uril

“…Cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) is an important host macromolecule that has been used for protein and cell immobilization. [ 16–20 ] The carbonyl‐fringed portals and the hydrophobic cavity allows CB[n]s to form stable host–guest complexes with various molecules. Due to its large dimensions, CB[8] is a suitable host for a wide range of organic molecules, and is considered as an excellent candidate as an electrode modifier.…”