Immobilization in Ionogel: A New Way to Improve the Activity and Stability of Candida antarctica Lipase B

Abstract

New Candida antarctica lipase B derivatives with higher activity than the free enzyme were obtained by occlusion in an organogel of an ionic liquid (ionogel) based on the ionic liquid [Omim][PF6] and polyvinyl chloride. The inclusion of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker improved the properties of the ionogel, allowing the enzymatic derivative to reach 5-fold higher activity than the free enzyme and also allowing it to be reused at 70 °C. The new methodology allows enzymatic derivatives to be designed by changing the ionic liquid, thus providing a suitable microenvironment for the enzyme. The ionic liquid may act on substrates to increase their local concentration, while reducing water activity in the enzyme’s microenvironment. All this allows the activity and selectivity of the enzyme to be improved and greener processes to be developed. The chemical composition and morphology of the ionogel were also studied by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, finding that porosity, which was related with the chemical composition, was a key factor for the enzyme activity.

Biocatalysis in ionic liquids: state-of-the-union

“…Alternatively, the SILP can be formed by entrapment in an ionogel formed by mixing, for example, an IL and PVC. 243…”

Recent Strategies and Applications for l-Asparaginase Confinement

“…Enzyme entrapment comprises enzyme trapping within the framework of a membrane or 3-D polymer support of high-molecular weight compounds, allowing enzyme preservation while substrate diffusion can occur (Figure 4) [129][130][131]. This confinement technique can be divided into lattice-type entrapment, in which the enzyme is trapped by a natural or a cross-linked water-insoluble polymer, namely polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylamide, and microcapsule-type entrapment, wherein the enzyme is surrounded by a semipermeable polymer membrane, whose production demands exceptionally well-controlled settings ( Figure 5) [130,132,133].…”

“…Enzyme entrapment comprises enzyme trapping within the framework of a membrane or 3-D polymer support of high-molecular weight compounds, allowing enzyme preservation while substrate diffusion can occur ( Figure 4 ) [ 129 , 130 , 131 ].…”

Facile Preparation of Dopamine-Modified Magnetic Zinc Ferrite Immobilized Lipase for Highly Efficient Synthesis of OPO Functional Lipid

“…The covalent bond method is the most widely used method to immobilize enzymes on carriers, preventing the enzyme from leaching out from the carrier surface [10]. Carriers and scaffolds for immobilizing enzymes [11][12][13][14] include carbon nanomaterials, mesoporous materials, magnetic particles, silica, polysaccharides, and resins. Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) have the advantages of recyclability, good biocompatibility, stability, large surface area, and superparamagnetic properties [15].…”