Immobilization of an organophosphorus compound on polypropylene‐g‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate) polymer support and its application in scandium recovery

Abstract

Scandium is a rare earth element that has a wide range of uses in modern technology. The conventional recovery of scandium is commonly done by solvent extraction using organophosphorus compounds. This process however produces a lot of waste extractants. To circumvent this challenge, a model organophosphorus compound phenylphosphinic acid (PPI) was immobilized to a polymer support fabric to produce a Sc(III) adsorbent for high throughput scandium recovery with less waste generation. Polymer support (PP-g-PGMA)for the organophosphorus compound was synthesized using radiation-induced graft polymerization. Successful post-polymer modification of the PGMA grafts to attach PPI groups was carried out using 1 M PPI in isopropanol at 80 C for 4 h, achieving a maximum functional group density of 1.32 mmol/g. The obtained PP-g-PGMA-PPI fabrics were used in the batch Sc(III) adsorption experiments. The results showed that PP-g-PGMA-PPI effectively adsorbed low concentrations of Sc(III) at a pH of at least 2.0. More than 98% adsorption was achieved using 1 ppm Sc(III). The synthesized adsorbent was also shown to be selective for Sc(III) even in the presence of Fe(III) and Al(III) ions. PP-g-PGMA-PPI adsorbent fabrics are therefore promising alternatives to solvent extraction methods and ion-exchange granular resin technologies in the recovery of scandium.

Development of Myrcene‐Based Resins with Amine Ended Poly(Propylene Glycol) Side Chains Bonded Through Hydroxyurethane Linkages

“…There are also discrete peaks at 890 and 830 cm −1 , which corresponded to asymmetric and symmetric oxirane ring bending/deformation, respectively ( Figure 1 ). [ 38 ]…”

“…There are also discrete peaks at 890 and 830 cm −1 , which corresponded to asymmetric and symmetric oxirane ring bending/deformation, respectively (Figure 1). [38] Quantitative determination of copolymer composition was done using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H NMR). With respect to the Myr, literature suggests poly(Myr) has varying regioselectivity (Figure S2, Supporting Information).…”

Thermal Characterization of Crosslinked Polymeric Microspheres Bearing Thiol Groups Studied by TG/FTIR/DSC under Non-Oxidative Conditions

“…Based on the 3D FTIR spectrum ( Figure 3 ) and the spectra extracted at maximum degradation temperatures ( Figure 4 A), it can be concluded that the depolymerization occurs at the beginning of poly(GMA- co -1,4DMB) microsphere decay and is followed by isomerization in the gas phase. The FTIR spectrum of gases gathered at 269 °C reveals the following bands: bands at 3059 cm −1 associated with vibrations of the methylene group in the oxirane ring [ 39 ]; bands at 1737 cm −1 from the vibrations of the C=O group in esters [ 40 ]; bands at 1650 cm −1 associated with vibrations of the C=C bond of the methacrylate group; bands at 1158 cm −1 related to vibrations of the C-O-C group in esters; bands at 939 cm −1 derived from vibrations of the =CH 2 group; bands at 842 cm −1 due to vibrations of the oxirane ring [ 41 ]. These bands are characteristic of GMA monomer [ 42 ] and their presence testifies that depolymerization takes place at the beginning of the decomposition.…”

“…The spectra of the initial copolymer and the samples heated to higher temperatures are shown in Figure 4 B. The disappearance of the bands at 846 and 907 cm −1 derived from the vibrations of the oxirane ring can be observed in the spectrum of the sample heated to 265 °C, compared to the initial spectrum [ 41 ]. Furthermore, a band at 1255 cm −1 representing the stretching vibrations of the oxirane group also disappears [ 45 ].…”

“…In the FTIR spectrum of the gaseous poly(GMA- co -TRIM) decomposition products collected at the first emission maximum value at 255 °C ( Figure 7 A), bands characteristic of polyGMA decomposition by depolymerization can be observed. The absorption bands at 849 cm −1 associated with oxirane ring vibrations [ 41 ], those at 1160 cm −1 from C-O-C vibrations in the ester, those at 1744 cm −1 from vibrations of the C=O group and those at 3057 cm −1 related to the methylene group vibrations in the oxirane ring indicate the emission of GMA monomers [ 39 , 42 ]. For the TRIM-crosslinked copolymer, the bands characteristic of acrolein are not as intense as in the case of the copolymer with 1,4DMB, but bands in the spectrum region of 2700–2800 cm −1 can still be observed ( Figure 5 ) [ 16 ].…”