Immobilization of radioactive waste water residues in a cement matrix

Technetium Speciation in Cement Waste Forms Determined by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

“…Cement-based waste forms are an integral component of national strategies being developed for the safe, long-term storage of low and intermediate-level radioactive waste [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Numerous physical properties of the cement such as strength, porosity, corrosion resistance, and leachability must be evaluated to effectively encapsulate the hazardous species for long periods of time and under a wide range of environmental conditions.…”

Immobilization of industrial waste in cement-bentonite clay matrix

“…Transport phenomena involved in the leaching of waste material from a composite matrix were investigated using three methods based on theoretical equations. Three methods are compared with respect to their applicability to experimental leaching data (Hashimoto 1964;Goodbee 1969;Burns 1971;Morijama 1977;Lu 1978;Plecas et al 1985Plecas et al , 1990Plecas et al , 1991.…”

Inorganic Waste Forms for Efficient Immobilization of Radionuclides

“…Cementation is one of the most acceptable radioactive waste immobilization techniques because of its compatibility with aqueous waste and capability of various physical as well as chemical immobilization mechanisms for numerous inorganic wastes. − Among several waste forms materials (e.g., cement, glass, and ceramic), cementitious materials (CMs) are predominantly used for the immobilization of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes (LILW) − and can immobilize radioactive and mixed wastes for several hundred years . Moreover, cement immobilization is an inexpensive and readily available technology that possesses a wide range of advantages over other waste forms such as simplicity, operational capability, low cost, good radiation and thermal stability, high compression strength, and low leachability under chemical, physical, radiative, and thermal conditions. , Studies have also revealed that the leaching of various radionuclides from immobilized waste matrices could be significantly diminished with the addition of cement with silica fume, slag, kaolin, ilmenite, and zeolites. − Cementitious waste forms can be further categorized as Portland cement (PC), cast stone/saltstone, hydroceramics, and geopolymer.…”

“…83 Moreover, cement immobilization is an inexpensive and readily available technology that possesses a wide range of advantages over other waste forms such as simplicity, operational capability, low cost, good radiation and thermal stability, high compression strength, and low leachability under chemical, physical, radiative, and thermal conditions. 84,85 Studies have also revealed that the leaching of various radionuclides from immobilized waste matrices could be significantly diminished with the addition of cement with silica fume, slag, kaolin, ilmenite, and zeolites. 86−91 Cementitious waste forms can be further categorized as Portland cement (PC), cast stone/saltstone, hydroceramics, and geopolymer.…”