Immobilization of uricase-gold nanoparticles composite nanomaterial on a biofilm and its application to determination of uric acid

Abstract

The uricase gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) composite nanomaterial was covalently immobilized on a biofilm, eggshell membrane. The uric acid biosensor was constructed by positioning the immobilized biofilm on the surface of a Clark dissolved oxygen electrode. The scanning electron micrograph revealed that the uricase AuNPs composite nanomaterial was successfully immobilized. The effects of enzyme loading, pH, concentration of phosphate buffer and temperature on the biosensor response have been stud ied in detail. The results showed that response time of the biosensor was 60 s, the linear range for the detec tion of uric acid varied from 1.0 µM to ~1.0 mM with a detection limit of 0.8 µM (S/N = 3) and relative standard deviation of 2.6% for 0.1 mM uric acid (n = 6). Some common potential interferents in samples demonstrated no interferences. The biosensor has been successfully applied to determine the uric acid level in urine and serum samples.

Non-invasive biomedical sensors for early detection and monitoring of bacterial biofilm growth at the point of care

“…Another indirect indicator of bacterial infections is uric acid, the final primary product of purine metabolism, catalyzed by xanthine oxidase (XO). [143][144][145] XO is active in chronic wound fluid, so the concentration of uric acid indicates the wound severity. 145 Electrochemical sensors developed for uric acid detection can be embroidered in gauze.…”

Review—Trends in the Development of Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors Modified with a Metal-Organic Framework for Quantification of Uric Acid

“…Traditional working electrodes have limited catalytic performance in detecting UA; therefore, the modification of the surface with diverse materials is necessary to increase the rate of electron transference, and although the analytical parameters as the limit of detection, sensitivity, selectivity, and linear concentration range. 29 Enzymes are common modifiers for electrodes, for instance uricase is used for uric acid determination, [30][31][32] these kinds of electrodes are called enzymatic sensors. Unfortunately, enzyme sensors have various drawbacks related to the enzyme, such as its immobilization, high cost, and susceptibility to denaturalization by humidity, pH, and temperature.…”

The Development of Reproducible and Selective Uric Acid Biosensor by Using Electrodeposited Polytyramine as Matrix Polymer

“…Various analytical methods have been used for uric acid assays, including colorimetric, optoelectronic sensor [8], fluorometric-enzymatic method, luminol chemiluminescence, high-performance liquid chromatography, and biosensor with electrochemical methods [9][10][11][12][13], where enzymatic procedures are mainly employed, due to their rapid, selective, sensitive nature and the great accuracy obtained in the measurements. Electrochemical detection systems on the biosensor for uric acid assay are frequently based on the monitoring the consumption of oxygen or the rate production of hydrogen peroxide [14] by an enzymatic catalytic reaction.…”