Immobilization of α-amylase on eggshell membrane and Ag-nanoparticle-decorated eggshell membrane for the biotransformation of starch

Abstract

Enzyme biocatalysts are very sensitive to environmental conditions. To improve their stability and operational lifetime, free enzymes are usually immobilized on a solid support. In this study, α‐amylase was immobilized on eggshell membrane (ESM) and Ag‐nanoparticle‐decorated eggshell membrane (AgNP/ESM) using glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent. After immobilization, enzyme loading, activity, kinetic parameters, reusability, and storage stability were investigated. The AgNP/ESM possessed a larger enzyme loading than ESM alone. The optimal pH and temperature of immobilized α‐amylases remained at 5.0 and 55°C, but the pH tolerance and thermal stability of AgNP/ESM‐immobilized enzyme were better than those of free enzyme. Km values were 0.839, 1.227, and 1.701 mg/mL, and Vmax values were 220.3, 48.85, and 37.12 μmol/min/mg for free, ESM‐, and AgNP/ESM‐immobilized α‐amylases, respectively. After ten uses, AgNP/ESM‐immobilized α‐amylase exhibited better operational stability as compared with ESM immobilized enzyme. After 50 days of storage at 4°C, the losses of activity were 46.29, 35.11, and 28.74% for free, ESM‐, and AgNP/ESM‐immobilized α‐amylases, respectively. These results indicate that AgNP/ESM is a more promising support as compared with ESM for the immobilization of α‐amylase.

The eggshell membrane: A potential biomaterial for corneal wound healing

“…This observation might be ascribed to the fact that the pore size of the outer side of the ESM-strip, the inner shell membrane, is lower than that of the outer side of ESM-A0.5 and ESM-E0.9, outer shell membrane as reported previously. 31,45,49 However, despite these observations, there are no significant difference among the three types of extracted membranes (p ¼ 0.2540) when compared directly. The fluid absorption capacity of the extracted membranes was assessed at the 1 and 24-h timepoint.…”

“…Interestingly, these results are in conformity with previous reports in the literature. 18,21,45 Elemental/chemical composition EDS analyses was used to determine the elemental composition of the membranes in order to profile remaining residues following the extraction process.…”

Waste Management in the Agri-Food Industry: The Conversion of Eggshells, Spent Coffee Grounds, and Brown Onion Skins into Carriers for Lipase Immobilization

“…Dissolution with acids also produces the eggshell membrane as a byproduct (Figure 4). Eggshell membrane is not only a cost-effective source of collagen and hyaluronic acid for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [66,83], but unlike the calcified matrix, it has great potential to be used as a carrier for enzyme immobilization [65,72,[83][84][85][86]. This is supported by many studies focused on the development of biosensors based on the immobilization of enzymes on an eggshell membrane as solid carrier [73,83,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96].…”

α‐Amylase Immobilization on P(HEMA‐co‐PEGMA) Hydrogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Investigation

“…Amylases are enzymes that provide the formation of various products such as dextrin, maltose, and glucose by hydrolyzing instance, Du et al immobilized -amylase on the eggshell membrane and Ag-nanoparticle-decorated eggshell membrane. [25] The authors reported that the pH tolerance and thermal stability of immobilized -amylase were better than those of the free counterpart. In another investigation, Radovanović and co-workers suggested magnetic particles coated with polyaniline as support for -amylase adsorption and immobilized -amylase displayed very good stability in terms of pH, temperature, and storage.…”