Immobilized Amino Aromatics for Solid-Phase Detection Using Imidazole-Mediated Bis(trichlorophenyl) Oxalate Chemiluminescence

Abstract

This investigation examines six amino polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, covalently immobilized onto nonporous and porous methacrylate, controlled-pore glass, and Mer-

Immobilized 2-(4-hydrazinocarbonylphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole as solid phase luminophore in peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence

“…The amount of accessible glycidyl groups was stated by the manufacturer to be 0.3 ± 0.1 mmol/g for this particular batch; however, in a previous report we found that only approximately 40 µmole/g of amino-PAH could be immobilized on this support [22]. No further modification was done prior to immobilization.…”

“…No further modification was done prior to immobilization. Controlled pore glass PG350-400 (200-400 mesh, 37-74 µm) was epoxidated with (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GLYMO, Merck) as described previously [3,22]. The dry state nitrogen adsorption BET surface area was specified by the manufacturer, Sigma (St. Louis, MO), to be 95 m 2 /g, however our measurements (Chalmers Institute of Technology, Gothenburg) estimated the surface area to be 77 ± 1.8 m 2 /g (n = 4), which was later verified by the manufacturer.…”

“…Consequently, in order to improve these flow systems, Gubitz et al [3] introduced immobilized 3-aminofluoranthene (3-AFA), based on the fact that this reagent had shown high efficiency in solution [19]. In a recent study some of the present authors have added to the study of Gubitz by investigating the applicability of several amino-PAHs immobilized on various supports [22]. It was found that the luminophore efficiency in the PO-CL detection scheme is influenced by the properties of the immobilization support.…”

Enhancement in sample preconcentration by the on-line incorporation of cloud point extraction to flow injection analysis inside the chemiluminescence cell and the determination of total serum bilirubin

“…For the dramatic enhancement of CL intensity as shown in Experiment 6 (comparing with and without cotton) in Table 1, it is possible that the entanglement of the surfactant aggregates with the filtering material may also contribute in part to an overall enhancement in the observed CL intensity, due to an increase in the CL efficiency and/or rate of reaction for the detection of bilirubin using the nitrite-hydrogen peroxide CL system. It should also be mentioned that the measurements of CL in solid phase media usually involve the immobilization (i.e., chemical attachment) of the analyte or CL reagents onto the solid substrate [25]. The physical entrapment of analyte-containing surfactant aggregates inside a cotton-filled collection column as demonstrated in the present work therefore represented a novel approach by which heterogeneous CL measurements can be carried out.…”

“…Although CL enhancement effects have been reported in micellar solutions [24] as well as certain kinds of solid materials [21,25,26] (e.g., glass fiber filter, cellulose filter, synthetic polymers, etc.) for various analytes, the possible enhancement of CL intensity due to the effect of a mixture of highly viscous surfactant aggregates and solid filtering material (e.g., cotton, glass wool or nylon fiber) has not been reported.…”