Immobilized Biocatalysts

Scale-up and multiphase reaction engineering

“…The key phenomena that affect multiphase reactor performance occur on a large range of length and temporal scales and are illustrated in Figure 1 [6]. These include molecular-scale transport-kinetic interactions, eddy or particle-scale transport processes, and fluid flow patterns, hydrodynamics and transport on the reactor scale.…”

“…Multiphase chemistries involving reactions between gases, liquids, and solid reactants that are catalyzed by homogeneous organometallic complexes [2], heterogeneous inorganic solids [3] or biocatalysts [4][5][6] are the basis for nearly all processes used to manufacture organic and inorganic intermediates and end-use products, such as fuels and chemicals from petroleum feed-stocks [7], bulk commodity, specialty and fine chemicals [8], medicinal intermediates and pharmaceuticals [9,10], and various polymers [11][12][13]. End-of-pipe processes for environmental remediation also rely upon multiphase catalyzed chemistries for emissions control [14][15][16].…”

Microreactor technology and process miniaturization for catalytic reactions—A perspective on recent developments and emerging technologies

“…Multiphase reactions that are catalyzed by homogeneous organometallic complexes (Behr, 2005;Cornils et al, 2005), heterogeneous solid catalysts (Knozinger and Kochoefl, 2005), or various types of biocatalysts (Aehle, 2003;Liese and Lütz, 2004;Prenosil et al, 2005) provide the basis for most of the commercial-scale processes used to manufacture petroleumderived products (Irion and Neuwirth, 2007), commodity and fine chemicals (Cheng and Ko, 2004), pharmaceuticals (Bader, 1994;Rasor and Voss, 2001), and certain high performance engineering polymers, such as aromatic polycarbonates (Serini, 2000) and polyphenylene oxide (Misra and Gupta, 1995). A review of recent developments in catalysts and catalytic process technology suggests that significant market growth is occurring across a variety of multiphase reaction platforms (Comyns, 2007).…”