Aberrant and dysregulated inflammation of human blood vessels, or vasculitis, results in narrowing of the vessel's lumen (i.e., stenosis) or aneurysmal wall damage (i.e., sac-like deformity of the vessel wall). This heterogenous group of autoimmune conditions is very rare. The understanding of the potential role of microbiome and infectious pathogens in eliciting immunologic responses and disease pathogenesis is rapidly expanding in many disease states. The precise role of microbiota in vasculitis is yet to be determined, but poses an interesting field of research. Our focus is on the potential role that infections and the microbiome may play in blood vessel inflammation, i.e., vasculitis.