Immune Correlates of COVID-19 Control

Poonia, Bhawna; Kottilil, Shyam

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.569611

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Robust and high level of cytokine and chemokine production following infection, which termed as cytokine storm and may cause severe tissue damage and was observed in SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV2 infections [11] , [12] , [13] . Cytokine storm contributes to progressive lung tissue damage and the development of often fatal ARDS [14] . Over 30 different cytokine levels are altered following SARS-CoV2 infection in the plasma of COVID-19 patients [6] , [13] , [15] .…”

Section: Role Of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines And Other Mediators In Covod-19 Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of toll-like receptor 7/8 pathways in regulation of interferon response and inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV2 infection and potential therapeutic options

Dyavar¹,

Singh²,

Emani³

et al. 2021

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the causative agent of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Lower production of type I and III interferons and higher levels of inflammatory mediators upon SARS-CoV2 infection contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Optimal interferon production and controlled inflammation are essential to limit COVID-19 pathogenesis. However, the aggravated inflammatory response observed in COVID-19 patients causes severe damage to the host and frequently advances to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) signaling pathways play a central role in regulating induction of interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory mediators in dendritic cells. Controlled inflammation is possible through regulation of TLR mediated response without influencing interferon production and may reduce COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review focuses on inflammatory mediators contribute to pathogenic effects and the role of TLR pathways in the induction of interferon and inflammatory mediators and their contribution to COVID-19 pathogenesis. We conclude that potential TLR7/8 agonists inducing antiviral interferon response and control inflammation are important therapeutic options to effectively eliminate SARS-CoV2 induced pathogenesis. Ongoing and future studies may provide additional evidence on their safety and efficacy to treat COVID-19 pathogenesis.

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Section: Role Of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines And Other Mediators In Covod-19 Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of toll-like receptor 7/8 pathways in regulation of interferon response and inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV2 infection and potential therapeutic options

Dyavar¹,

Singh²,

Emani³

et al. 2021

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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“…The conference of immunity toward SARS-CoV-2 is another important concern to be raised in vaccine development. While convalescent COVID-19 patients may retain antibodies against the virus, studies show that the levels or neutralizing antibodies are not maintained in the long term, and are found to start waning around 3 months after infection [ 78 ]. In addition, reinfection cases had been reported several months after a first infection [ 78 79 80 ].…”

Section: Main Challenges Of Plant-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While convalescent COVID-19 patients may retain antibodies against the virus, studies show that the levels or neutralizing antibodies are not maintained in the long term, and are found to start waning around 3 months after infection [ 78 ]. In addition, reinfection cases had been reported several months after a first infection [ 78 79 80 ]. However, in a study conducted by Dan et al [ 81 ] following 185 COVID-19 patients for several months post-infection showed that immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 is able to persist for an extended period of time.…”

Section: Main Challenges Of Plant-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current updates and research on plant-based vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019

Kumar

Kadiresen

Gan

et al. 2021

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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The primary outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, causing pneumonia-like symptoms in patients named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had evolved into a global pandemic. COVID-19 has surpassed Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome in terms of rate and scale causing more than one million deaths. Development of an effective vaccine to fight against the spread of COVID-19 is the main goal of many countries around the world and plant-based vaccines are one of the available methods in vaccine developments. Plant-based vaccine has gained its reputation among researchers for its known effective manufacturing process and cost effectiveness. Many companies around the world are participating in the race to develop an effective vaccine by using the plant system. This review discusses different approaches used as well as highlights the challenges faced by various companies and research groups in developing the plant-based COVID-19 vaccine.

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“…Therefore, it is viewed that innate immunity can aggravate the disease (Birra et al 2020 ), whereas adaptive immunity can facilitate virus clearance (Paces et al 2020 ). Since cellular immunity plays a crucial role in producing neutralising antibodies (Poonia and Kottilil 2020 ), understanding the immune correlations with host immunity appears essential.…”

Section: Covid-19 Impact On Opportunistic Diseases In S Asia and Submentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer vs. SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation, overlapping functions, and pharmacological targeting

Subbarao

2021

Inflammopharmacol

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Inflammation is an intrinsic defence mechanism triggered by the immune system against infection or injury. Chronic inflammation allows the host to recover or adapt through cellular and humoral responses, whereas acute inflammation leads to cytokine storms resulting in tissue damage. In this review, we present the overlapping outcomes of cancer inflammation with virus-induced inflammation. The study emphasises how anti-inflammatory drugs that work against cancer inflammation may work against the inflammation caused by the viral infection. It is established that the cytokine storm induced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to disease-associated mortality. While cancer remains the second among the diseases associated with mortality worldwide, cancer patients' mortality rates are often observed upon extended periods after illness, usually ranging from months to years. However, the mortality rates associated with COVID-19 disease are robust. The cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared to be responsible for the multi-organ failure and increased mortality rates. Since both cancer and COVID-19 disease share overlapping inflammatory mechanisms, repurposing some anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs for COVID-19 may lower mortality rates. Here, we review some of these inflammatory mechanisms and propose some potential chemotherapeutic agents to intervene in them. We also discuss the repercussions of anti-inflammatory drugs such as glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine with zinc or antiviral drugs such as ivermectin and remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. In this review, we emphasise on various possibilities to reduce SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm.

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Immune Correlates of COVID-19 Control

Cited by 23 publications

References 67 publications

Role of toll-like receptor 7/8 pathways in regulation of interferon response and inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV2 infection and potential therapeutic options

Role of toll-like receptor 7/8 pathways in regulation of interferon response and inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV2 infection and potential therapeutic options

Current updates and research on plant-based vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019

Cancer vs. SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation, overlapping functions, and pharmacological targeting

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