Immune Function and Host Defense in Rodents Exposed to 60-Hz Magnetic Fields

House, Robert V.; Ratajczak, Helen V.; Gauger, James R.; Johnson, Tim R.; Thomas, Peter T.; McCormick, David L.

doi:10.1093/toxsci/34.2.228

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We have previously reported the results of subchronic toxicity studies in rats and mice (7), a developmental toxicology study in rats (44), and a battery of immunotoxicology studies in mice and rats (26); all studies were considered negative for evidence of toxicity. Studies of the influence of magnetic fields on lymphoma induction in 2 strains of transgenic mice were also negative for an effect on lymphoma induction (31), as were the results of a multigeneration reproductive toxicity evaluation in rats (37,45 Tissues were excised, fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, cut, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and evaluated using methods defined in NTP pathology specifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in F344/N Rats

Boorman

McCormick²,

Findlay³

et al. 1999

Toxicol Pathol

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A 2-yr whole-body exposure study was conducted to evaluate the chronic toxicity and possible oncogenicity of 60 Hz (power frequency) magnetic fields in rats. Groups of 100 male and 100 female F344/N rats were exposed continuously to pure, linearly polarized, transient-free 60 Hz magnetic fields at flux densities of 0 Gauss (G) (sham control), 20 milligauss (mG), 2 G, and 10 G; an additional group of 100 male and 100 female F344/N rats received intermittent (1 hr on/1 hr off) exposure to 10 G fields. Mortality patterns, body weight gains throughout the study, and the total incidence and number of malignant and benign tumors in all groups exposed to magnetic fields were similar to those found in sex-matched sham controls. Statistically significant increases in the combined incidence of C-cell adenomas and carcinomas of the thyroid were seen in male rats chronically exposed to 20 mG and 2 G magnetic fields. These increases were not seen in male rats exposed continuously or intermittently to 10 G fields or in female rats at any magnetic field exposure level. No increases in the incidence of neoplasms, which have been identified in epidemiology studies as possible targets of magnetic field action (leukemia, breast cancer, and brain cancer), were found in any group exposed to magnetic fields. There was a decrease in leukemia in male rats exposed to 10 G intermittent fields. The occurrence of C-cell tumors at the 2 lower field intensities in male rats is interpreted as equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity; data from female rats provides no evidence of carcinogenicity in that sex. These data, when considered as a whole, are interpreted as indicating that chronic exposure to pure linearly polarized 60 Hz magnetic fields has little or no effect on cancer development in the F344/N rat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in F344/N Rats

Boorman

McCormick²,

Findlay³

et al. 1999

Toxicol Pathol

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“…When considered together, the results of these studies neither support nor dispute the hypothesis that exposure to EMFs is a significant risk factor for human cancer. Recently published studies have generated both positive and negative results, and therefore provide no conclusive data set on which potential human risks can be assessed (11,30,31,36 (14), and a multigeneration reproductive toxicity evaluation in rats (22,29); all studies were essentially negative. Studies in 2 strains of transgenic mice that demonstrate a genetic predisposition to hematopoietic neoplasia also failed to demonstrate any increases in lymphoma incidence in EMF-exposed mice (19 (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in B6C3F1 Mice

McCormick¹,

Boorman

Findlay³

et al. 1999

Toxicol Pathol

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A 2-yr whole-body exposure study was conducted to evaluate the chronic toxicity and possible oncogenicity of 60 Hz (power frequency) magnetic fields in mice. Groups of 100 male and 100 female B6C3F 1 mice were exposed to pure, linearly polarized, transient-free 60 Hz magnetic fields at flux densities of 0 Gauss (G) (sham control), 20 milligauss (mG), 2 G, and 10 G; an additional group of 100 male and 100 female B6C3F 1 mice received intermittent (1 hr on/1 hr off) exposure to 10 G fields. A small but statistically significant increase in mortality was observed in male mice exposed continuously to 10 G fields; mortality patterns in all other groups of mice exposed to magnetic fields were comparable to those found in sex-matched sham controls. Body weight gains and the total incidence and number of malignant and benign tumors were similar in all groups. Magnetic field exposure did not increase the incidence of neoplasia in any organ, including those sites (leukemia, breast cancer, and brain cancer) that have been identified in epidemiology studies as possible targets of magnetic field action. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence of malignant lymphoma was observed in female mice exposed continuously to 10 G fields, and statistically significant decreases in the incidence of lung tumors were seen in both sexes exposed continuously to 2 G fields. These data do not support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to pure, linearly polarized 60 Hz magnetic fields is a significant risk factor for neoplastic development in mice.

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“…In vivo studies by House et al demonstrate the suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after subchronic and chronic exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields at 1.0 mT (House et al 1996, House andMcCormick 2000), although the specific mechanisms related to these phenomena are unclear. Moreover, it is uncertain whether the same effects occur under normal physiological conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMF effects on microcirculatory system

et al. 2007

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Authors review the importance of studying the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on microcirculatory system, especially in respect of possibility that vasculature may have direct and indirect role in interaction of static magnetic fields (SMF). We outline the physiological importance of microcirculation and relatively new methods of evaluation technique in vivo and explain in details the local and/or whole body exposure effects of SMF with range of 0.3-180 mT, power frequency EMF with range of 0.1-30 mT and microwaves at 1.5 GHz with range 0.08-8 W/kg brain average specific absorption rate (SAR) on microcirculatory systems in different tissues in experimental animals.

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Immune Function and Host Defense in Rodents Exposed to 60-Hz Magnetic Fields

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in F344/N Rats

Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in F344/N Rats

Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in B6C3F1 Mice

EMF effects on microcirculatory system

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