Immune inhibition in marine mussels by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Grundy, Michelle M.; Ratcliffe, Norman A.; Moore, Michael N.

doi:10.1016/0141-1136(95)00033-x

Cited by 72 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The results showed that TBT suppressed haemocyte ameboid movement and phagocytosis to different extents, and the suppression showed evident timeand concentration-effect. There were many studies focusing on toxic effects of contamination on phagocytosis, which also showed the same change after exposure to contamination (Grundy et al, 1996;Jeong and Cho, 2005).…”

Section: Effects Of B[α]p On Scallop Haemocyte Countsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Immunotoxicity effect of benzo[α]pyrene on scallop Chlamys farreri

Wang

Pan

Liu

2009

J. Ocean Univ. China

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The toxic effects of benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P) at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 7.5 μgL -1 ) on scallop (Chlamys farreri) immune system were studied. The results showed that B[α]P had significant toxic effects on the haemocyte counts, neutral red uptake, phagocytosis, bacteriolytic and antibacterial activity (P<0.05), while the seawater control and acetone control had no significant differences. The haemocyte counts, neutral red uptake, phagocytosis and bacteriolytic activity in all B[α]P treatment groups as well as antibacterial activity in groups of 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 7.5 μgL -1 B[α]P decreased significantly (P<0.05). Some of these indices tended to be stable on the sixth day and others on the ninth day, and the indices showed clear time-and concentration-response to B[α]P. Bacteriolytic activity in 0.1μgL -1 B[α]P treatment group and antibacterial activity in 0.1 μgL -1 and 0.5 μgL -1 B[α]P treatment groups increased at the beginning of exposure and reached their peaks on day 1 and day 6, respectively. Following that, both activities decreased gradually and became stable after day 9. When all the indices reached stability, they were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), except for antibacterial activity in 0.1 μgL -1 B[α]P treatment group (P>0.05). Thus, B[α]P has evident toxic effects on scallop immune system, which supports the view that a relationship exists between pollution and immunomodulation in aquatic organisms.

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Section: Effects Of B[α]p On Scallop Haemocyte Countsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It has been reported that the immune system of a bivalve can be adversely affected by PAHs (Grundy et al, 1996). Haemocyte functions have been applied as useful biomarkers of the coastal environment (Dyrynda et al, 1998;Fisher et al, 2000).…”

Section: Effects Of B[α]p On Scallop Haemocyte Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity effect of benzo[α]pyrene on scallop Chlamys farreri

Wang

Pan

Liu

2009

J. Ocean Univ. China

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“…More recently, we have shown that lysosomal membrane impairment follows fomesafen exposure, indicating cell membrane alteration (Russo et al 2006). The use of a lysosomal fragility assay to indicate cellular stress has often been proposed as an early biomarker for toxicant effects (Moore and Viarengo 1987;Lowe and Pipe 1994;Svendsen and Weeks 1995;Grundy et al 1996;Dyrynda et al 2000). We have additionally demonstrated that the decrease in lysosomal stability is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Haemocyte apoptosis as a general cellular immune response of the snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, to a toxicant

Russo

Mathieu

2007

Cell Tissue Res

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The effects of a xenobiotic on the circulating haemocytes of Lymnaea stagnalis were investigated after short-term (24 h, 96 h) and long-term (504 h) exposure of snails to environmental concentrations. Fomesafen, a pro-oxidant generator led to the activation of the haemocyte apoptotic program by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cells entering apoptosis underwent a series of events, both on the plasma membrane and in the mitochondria; these events were quantified by flow cytofluorometry. The data showed a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim), which was dose-dependent and time-dependent and related to an increased release of superoxide anions. The phosphatidylserine that was exposed at the outer plasma membrane was not related to the disruption of either ROS or Deltapsim but was strongly correlated with the haemocyte concentration (total haemocyte count). This cascade of apoptotic processes occurred in a dose-independent manner and was not strengthened over time. The increase of circulating haemocytes depended upon the life span of the cells and might have reflected either facilitated cell turn-over or the accompanying presence of haemocytes phagocytosing apoptotic cells.

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“…Of the subcellular biomarkers, lysosomal membrane stability is well established as an indicator of cellular pathology. It provides an indication of the effect of the medicines on the permeability of the lysosomes, possibly resulting in impairment of the immune system (Grundy et al, 1996). Lysosomal membrane stability has been included in studies investigating the impact of contaminants (Lowe et al, 1995;Moore et al, 1996;Stien et al, 1998) and can be linked with biomarkers of exposure.…”

Section: Selection Of Biomarkers Of Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted environmental monitoring for the effects of medicines used to treat sea-lice infestation on farmed fish

Davies

Rodger²,

Redshaw

et al. 2001

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Farmed Atlantic salmon often suffer from sea-lice infestations, which are commonly controlled by the use of a variety of medicines, and the fate of these medicines has implications for the health of the marine environment around fish farms. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) is responsible for monitoring and protecting the quality of Scottish coastal waters and for regulating discharges which may affect water quality, including releases of medicines from fish farms. We review the utility of established biological effects measurements (biomarkers and bioassays) for monitoring the effects of these medicines. The specificity and suitability of biological effects techniques to the mode of toxic action, metabolism, and environmental fate of the medicines are considered. It is concluded that scope-for-growth measurements in wild and deployed mussels (Mytilus edulis) and lugworm (Arenicola marina) bioassays, in combination with a suite of biomarker techniques, offer the best possibilities.

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Immune inhibition in marine mussels by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 72 publications

References 11 publications

Immunotoxicity effect of benzo[α]pyrene on scallop Chlamys farreri

Immunotoxicity effect of benzo[α]pyrene on scallop Chlamys farreri

Haemocyte apoptosis as a general cellular immune response of the snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, to a toxicant

Targeted environmental monitoring for the effects of medicines used to treat sea-lice infestation on farmed fish

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