Immune privilege in corneal transplantation

Hori, Junko; Yamaguchi, Takefumi; Keino, Hiroshi; Hamrah, Pedram; Maruyama, Kouichi

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.04.002

Cited by 123 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 378 publications

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“…IP is the phenomenon whereby organs or tissues are protected from challenge by the host immune system. It occurs in corneal tissue, 9,10 testes, 11‐13 placenta, 14 liver, 15 gut, 16 brain 17 and possibly also in mucosal tissue 18,19 . Nobel laureate immunologist Peter Medawar first developed the concept of IP in the late 1940s 20 on the basis of transplantation experiments 21,22 .…”

Section: Basic Immune Privilege Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata

Bertolini

McElwee

Gilhar

et al. 2020

Experimental Dermatology

181

157

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Anagen stage hair follicles (HFs) exhibit “immune privilege (IP)” from the level of the bulge downwards to the bulb. Both passive and active IP mechanisms protect HFs from physiologically undesired immune responses and limit immune surveillance. IP is relative, not absolute, and is primarily based on absent, or greatly reduced, intra‐follicular antigen presentation via MHC class I and II molecules, along with prominent expression of “no danger” signals like CD200 and the creation of an immunoinhibitory signalling milieu generated by the secretory activities of HFs. Perifollicular mast cells, Tregs and other immunocytes may also contribute to HF IP maintenance in healthy human skin. Collapse of anagen hair bulb IP is an essential prerequisite for the development of alopecia areata (AA). In AA, lesional HFs are rapidly infiltrated by NKG2D + T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, while perifollicular mast cells acquire a profoundly pro‐inflammatory phenotype and interact with autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Using animal models, significant functional evidence has accumulated that demonstrates the dominance of the immune system in AA pathogenesis. Purified CD8+T‐cell and NK cell populations alone, which secrete fγ, suffice to induce the AA phenotype, while CD4+T‐cells aggravate it, and Tregs and iNKT cells may provide relative protection against AA development. While IP collapse may be induced by exogenous agents, inherent IP deficiencies might confer increased susceptibility to AA for some individuals. Thus, a key goal for effective AA management is the re‐establishment of a functional HF IP, which will also provide superior protection from disease relapse.

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Section: Basic Immune Privilege Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata

Bertolini

McElwee

Gilhar

et al. 2020

Experimental Dermatology

181

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2 Corneal transplants are the least rejected among all organ transplants, a characteristic that is also attributable to immune privilege. [1][2][3] However, if corneal transplantation is performed on eyes that have been deprived of immune privilege, the rejection rate becomes as high as heart and skin transplantation. 1,2,4 Thus, immune privilege must be present to prevent rejection after corneal transplantation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,4 Thus, immune privilege must be present to prevent rejection after corneal transplantation. [1][2][3] Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) and the immune suppressive microenvironment in the eye are needed to maintain immune privilege after corneal transplantation. [1][2][3]5,6 ACAID is a well-known phenomenon in which antigen-specific peripheral tolerance is induced after antigen introduction into the anterior chamber (AC).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) and the immune suppressive microenvironment in the eye are needed to maintain immune privilege after corneal transplantation. [1][2][3]5,6 ACAID is a well-known phenomenon in which antigen-specific peripheral tolerance is induced after antigen introduction into the anterior chamber (AC). 7 In response to threats to vision, the eye expresses soluble and cell surface immunomodulatory factors to suppress cells and molecules that mediate innate and adaptive immune inflammation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 In response to threats to vision, the eye expresses soluble and cell surface immunomodulatory factors to suppress cells and molecules that mediate innate and adaptive immune inflammation. 3,6,8 This intraocular milieu is called the ''immune suppressive microenvironment.'' 6 Our group has reported some of the molecules that contribute to ACAID and the immune suppressive ocular microenvironment for establishment of immune privilege for corneal transplantation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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VISTA Is Crucial for Corneal Allograft Survival and Maintenance of Immune Privilege

Kunishige

Taniguchi

Ohno

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

Self Cite

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Citation: Kunishige T, Taniguchi H, Ohno T, Azuma M, Hori J. VISTA is crucial for corneal allograft survival and maintenance of immune privilege. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:4958-4965. https://doi.org/ 10.1167/iovs.19-27322 PURPOSE. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel immune checkpoint receptor and ligand for regulating T cell proliferation and cytokine production. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of VISTA in the immune privilege of corneal allografts.METHODS. Expression of VISTA mRNA in mouse eyes was assessed with reverse-transcription PCR. Corneas of C57BL/6 mice were orthotopically transplanted into the eyes of BALB/c wildtype recipients treated with anti-VISTA mAb, and graft survival was assessed. A separate set of BALB/c mice treated with anti-VISTA mAb or rat IgG received injection of C57BL/6 splenocytes into the anterior chamber, and induction of allospecific anterior chamberassociated immune deviation (ACAID) was assessed. CD4 þ and CD8 þ T cells in the spleen were assessed with flow cytometry. RESULTS.VISTA mRNA was constitutively expressed in the cornea, and the expression of VISTA was localized to CD11b þ cells on the corneal stroma. Survival of allografts treated with anti-VISTA mAb was less than that of the control. ACAID was induced less efficiently in BALB/c mice treated with VISTA mAb. The proportions of CD8 þ T cells and CD8 þ CD103 þ T cells (CD8 þ T regulatory cells) in the spleen of BALB/c mice treated with anti-VISTA mAb were significantly lower than those of the control.CONCLUSIONS. VISTA may play an essential role in the acceptance of corneal allografts via involvement with allospecific ACAID, which suppresses T cell infiltration into the cornea.

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Material, Immunological, and Practical Perspectives on Eye Drop Formulation

Bennett

Chinnery

Downie

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Eye drops are the most common and inexpensive approach to topical ocular drug delivery. Eye drops offer a noninvasive treatment strategy; however, this can be detrimental to therapeutic efficacy when compared to invasive methods such as surgeries, implants, and injections. Improvements to the efficacy of the topical delivery of drugs to ocular tissues are currently being explored and much of this work centers on adjusting the formulation of the eye drops and prolonging the bioavailability of the therapeutic agent. This is often in preference to improving other patient‐focused or clinical factors. In this progress report, conventional, commercially available polymer eye drops are explored and the ability for current and future innovations to maintain the existing benefits of eye drops to the patient is assessed. The final materials and form of the drops (liquid, gel, or other) and the immunological implications for the user are explored. There is currently no consensus for how to most effectively improve the ocular retention and drug delivery capabilities of eye drops, but key issues are highlighted in the context of current methods under development, and potential questions and considerations for future innovations are raised.

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Immune privilege in corneal transplantation

Cited by 123 publications

References 378 publications

Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata

Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata

VISTA Is Crucial for Corneal Allograft Survival and Maintenance of Immune Privilege

Material, Immunological, and Practical Perspectives on Eye Drop Formulation

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