Immune responses to haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccination in Trypanosoma evansi infected buffalo-calves

Abstract

To assess the immunosuppressive effect of Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffalo-calves on immune responses to heterologous antigen, the study was planned to examine the responses of haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccination in simultaneously and previously (80 days before vaccination) T. evansi-infected buffalo-calves. Eight buffalo-calves were divided into three groups. Buffalo-calves of group A (n = 3) were previously (80 days before primary vaccination with haemorrhagic septicaemia [HS] vaccine) infected with T. evansi (1 x 10(7) tryps.calf(-1); sc) and that of group B (n = 3) were infected with T. evansi (1 x 10(7) tryps.calf(-1); sc) on the day of primary vaccination with HS vaccine. Two healthy uninfected control calves given only HS vaccine were kept in group C. All the buffalo-calves were given a booster dose of vaccine 21 days post-primary vaccination (PPV). Twenty eight days PPV, animals of group A were given trypanocidal quinapyramine prosalt at 6.66 mg kg(-1). Immunosuppressive effect of T. evansi infection was evident from day 7 PPV with HS vaccine. The effect was more pronounced in previously T. evansi-infected buffalo-calves as compared with simultaneously infected buffalo-calves. Group A buffalo-calves appeared to have recovered from the immunosuppressive effect after 28 days post-trypanocidal treatment as observed by humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Immunosuppressive effect to HS vaccination was observed in T. evansi-infected buffalo-calves, and trypanocidal therapy enabled the calves to mount the responses similar to uninfected controls.

Multiplex PCR for detection of Trypanosoma evansi and Theileria equi in equids of Punjab, India

“…These results justify the greater sensitivity of multiplex PCR in detecting the latent infection of both the haemoprotozoans. In T. evansi, cryptic infections and antigenic variations are usually noticed which may lead to immunosuppression and non-detectable parasitaemia (Singla et al, 2010).…”

Insight into Trypanosomiasis in Animals: Various Approaches for its Diagnosis, Treatment and Control: A Review

“…Again the incidence of trypanosomiasis in bovines was found to be directly proportional to onset of monsoon to post monsoon in Punjab (Soodan et al, 1995), Andhra Pradesh (Prasad et al, 1997), West Bengal (Ray et al, 1992), Bihar (Sinha et al, 2006), Chhattisgarh (Agrawal et al, 2003) and Jammu (Raina et al, 2000). The disease is mostly asymptomatic but factors like flooding, intercurrent disease (Gupta et al, 2009), vaccination (Singla et al, 2010), transport (Kalra et al, 1994) and malnutrition (Malik et al, 2000) often changes an unapparent infection into clinical disease.…”

Is Atypical Human Trypanosomosis an Emering Threat to Human Society? : A Debatable one Health Issue to Public Health Experts and Parasitologists

“…In the Indian subcontinent, the disease is mainly endemic and most of the epizootics have occurred particularly in bovines with a high mortality rate ranging from 20-90% [12,13]. It is thought to produce immunosuppression resulting in concurrent infection and poor immune response to vaccines [14,15].…”