Insight into Trypanosomiasis in Animals: Various Approaches for its Diagnosis, Treatment and Control: A Review

Jaiswal, Amit; Sudan, Vikrant; Neha, .; Verma, Amit Kumar

doi:10.3923/ajas.2015.172.186

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Trypanosoma spp. affect different species of domestic and wild animals, such as horse, mule, donkey, camel, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goat, dog, pig, elephant, deer, fox, tiger and jackal (KUMAR et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural infection of Trypanosoma sp. in domestic sheep from Ecuador

Coello-Peralta

Solórzano²,

Mazamba

et al. 2022

Cienc. Rural

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Trypanosomosis in sheep is a hemoparasitic disease of worldwide interest due to its effects on the health of animals and the economic impact on producers, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma sp. In the present study, the occurrence of Trypanosoma sp. in sheep from the urban-rural area of the canton Salitre was determined, through an applied study with a qualitative descriptive prospective cross-sectional approach, carried out between October 1, 2019, and February 19, 2020. Blood samples were extracted from the jugular vein and analyzed by the blood smear method using the Giemsa and Diff-Quick staining techniques. Previously, in a first study realized between 2018 and 2019, 2 cases (2%) of Trypanosoma sp., 1 case of Babesia sp. (1%), and 4 cases of Anaplasma marginale (4%) were identified, but without the presence of symptoms of the disease. However, in this new research study, of 170 animals sampled from 5 herds and aged between 3 and 8 years, 34 (20%) were positive for Trypanosoma sp., 6 for Babesia sp. (3.52%) and 6 for A. marginale (3.52%) with coinfection between them. In this research, deteriorated clinical aspects and low hematological values were also determined in positive animals; besides of the total of positive cases, 25 presented symptoms of hemoparasitic disease, 3 sheep had abortions and 8 died. The results of this study showed that Trypanosoma sp. could already become an endemic parasitosis in sheep in the country, representing a serious problem of animal health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural infection of Trypanosoma sp. in domestic sheep from Ecuador

Coello-Peralta

Solórzano²,

Mazamba

et al. 2022

Cienc. Rural

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“…Chronic and acute forms of trypanosomiasis were both observed in camels; and the severity of symptoms varies with hosts and the geographical areas, ranging from the unapparent to the lethal forms ( Jaiswal et al, 2015 ). The most common clinical expression in camels includes progressive emaciation, severe anemia, reproductive problems, and eventually death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey and associated risk factors' analysis of Trypanosomiasis in camels from Southern Tunisia

Kalthoum

Monia

Ameni

et al. 2022

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Surra ( Trypanosoma evansi infection) is one of the main causes of dromedary ( Camelus dromedarius ) abortion, besides generating severe economic losses in herds. A sero-epidemiological survey was carried out between December 2018 and December 2019 in Southern Tunisia to estimate the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels and to determine its possible associated risk factors. Two-stage sampling was conducted to select breeders and camels targeted in our study. A total of 1205 blood samples were collected from 277 randomly selected farms belonging to six governorates of southern Tunisia. Sera were tested with the card agglutination test for Trypanosoma evansi (CATT/ T. evansi ) to detect the presence of anti- Trypanosoma. evansi antibodies. The overall individual and herd seroprevalence were 30.8% (95%CI 27.9–33.1%), 64.9% (95%CI 61.7–73), respectively. The seroprevalence of T. evansi infection both at the animal (26.2% (95%CI 21.4–30.9%) and herd level (84.4 (95%CI 76.3–92.5)) was higher in Kebili than in other governorates ( P = 0.003). At the animal level, the infection rate with T. evansi was significantly associated to the age group among camels ( P = 0.0008), production system ( P = 0.006), bioclimatic stage ( P = 0.02), and herd size ( P = 0.04) in the univariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that only age group and herd size were potential risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection. However, no significant variation of the seroprevalence of T. evansi with the sex of camels, farm type, and previous trypanocidal treatment were detected ( P > 0.05). The findings of this study are crucial for this disease surveillance and control. Further investigations on the efficacy of the treatment against surra are needed to explain the persistence of the disease in the south of Tunisia.

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“…The disease may develop as either acute or chronic form, which may last for many months, possibly years ( Aregawi et al, 2019 ). Classical clinical symptoms of surra include intermittent fever, fatigue, lethargy, neurological disorders, anaemia, mostly caused by haemolysis and erythrophagocytosis ( Jaiswal et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels using CATT/T. evansi technique in Borno and Yobe states, Nigeria

Kyari

Mbaya

Biu

et al. 2021

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Trypanosoma evansi is an important camel pathogen with dissimilar mammalian hosts and is the most widely distributed pathogenic animals' trypanosomes worldwide that affects domesticated animals. Four hundred and six blood samples were collected using homogeneous purposive sampling techniques from camels of all age groups (206 from Borno State and 200 from Yobe State, Nigeria). Each animal was examined and information on age and gender were recorded. The card agglutination test for T. evansi (CATT/ T. evansi ) was used to estimate the seroprevalence of T. evansi infection. The seroprevalence of T. evansi based on age and sex in Borno State, Nigeria was 38.83% (95% CI = 32.44%, 45.63%) in adult camels, whereas, the seroprevalence of T. evansi in young camels was significantly lower 2.91%, (95% CI = 1.34%, 6.20%), p < 0.05). The seroprevalence of T. evansi in male camels was estimated at 14.08% (95% CI = 9.99, 19.49) whereas, in female camels the seroprevalence was estimated at 27.67% (95% CI = 22.01%, 34.15%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the seroprevalence of T. evansi in Yobe State, Nigeria in the adult camels was 27.50% (95% CI = 21.78%, 34.07%) whereas, the seroprevalence of T. evansi in young camels was 19.00%, (95% CI = 14.17%, 25.00%). The seroprevalence of T. evansi in male camels was 30.0% (95% CI = 24.07%, 36.68%), whereas, the seroprevalence of T. evansi in female camels was 16.5% (95% CI = 12.00%, 22.27%). Therefore, the present study aimed to provide information on the seroprevalence of T. evansi and the related risk factors in camels in Borno and Yobe States, Nigeria using CATT/ T. evansi technique.

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Insight into Trypanosomiasis in Animals: Various Approaches for its Diagnosis, Treatment and Control: A Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Natural infection of Trypanosoma sp. in domestic sheep from Ecuador

Natural infection of Trypanosoma sp. in domestic sheep from Ecuador

Serological survey and associated risk factors' analysis of Trypanosomiasis in camels from Southern Tunisia

Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels using CATT/T. evansi technique in Borno and Yobe states, Nigeria

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