Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels using CATT/T. evansi technique in Borno and Yobe states, Nigeria

Kyari, Falmata; Mbaya, Albert Wulari; Biu, A. A.; Adamu, Lawan; Dennis, Okoro Ogbonna

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2021.e00209

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…On the other hand, the animal level seroprevalence of T.evansi in Tunisia was higher than those reported in previous studies carried on Morocco (14.1%), Mauritania (Trarza, Gorgol, Adrar, Hodh El Chargui and Nouakchott) (16.2%), and Ethiopia (between 13.7% and 24.1%) ( Atarhouch et al, 2003 ; Birhanu et al, 2016 ; Dia et al, 1997 ; Fikru et al, 2015 ). High seroprevalence of T.evansi was recorded also in Nigeria (44.09%), Kenya (45.9%), and Egypt (82%) which is in contrast with our result ( Kyari et al, 2021 ; Njiru et al, 2004 ; Zayed et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Serological survey and associated risk factors' analysis of Trypanosomiasis in camels from Southern Tunisia

Kalthoum

Monia

Ameni

et al. 2022

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Surra ( Trypanosoma evansi infection) is one of the main causes of dromedary ( Camelus dromedarius ) abortion, besides generating severe economic losses in herds. A sero-epidemiological survey was carried out between December 2018 and December 2019 in Southern Tunisia to estimate the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels and to determine its possible associated risk factors. Two-stage sampling was conducted to select breeders and camels targeted in our study. A total of 1205 blood samples were collected from 277 randomly selected farms belonging to six governorates of southern Tunisia. Sera were tested with the card agglutination test for Trypanosoma evansi (CATT/ T. evansi ) to detect the presence of anti- Trypanosoma. evansi antibodies. The overall individual and herd seroprevalence were 30.8% (95%CI 27.9–33.1%), 64.9% (95%CI 61.7–73), respectively. The seroprevalence of T. evansi infection both at the animal (26.2% (95%CI 21.4–30.9%) and herd level (84.4 (95%CI 76.3–92.5)) was higher in Kebili than in other governorates ( P = 0.003). At the animal level, the infection rate with T. evansi was significantly associated to the age group among camels ( P = 0.0008), production system ( P = 0.006), bioclimatic stage ( P = 0.02), and herd size ( P = 0.04) in the univariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that only age group and herd size were potential risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection. However, no significant variation of the seroprevalence of T. evansi with the sex of camels, farm type, and previous trypanocidal treatment were detected ( P > 0.05). The findings of this study are crucial for this disease surveillance and control. Further investigations on the efficacy of the treatment against surra are needed to explain the persistence of the disease in the south of Tunisia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Serological survey and associated risk factors' analysis of Trypanosomiasis in camels from Southern Tunisia

Kalthoum

Monia

Ameni

et al. 2022

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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“…More than half of studied animals (57.1%) were seropositive for T. evansi by CATT which is similar to those recorded by Benaissa et al (2020) in south Algeria (45,9%), Kyari et al (2021) in Kenya (45.9%) and Njiru et al, (2004) in Nigeria (44%). While, it was higher than that found by Kalthoum et al (2022) in Tunisia (30.8%), Boushaki et al (2019) in Algeria (32.4%), Atarhouch et al (2003) in Morocco (16%) and Dia et al (1997) in Mauritania (14.2%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Haematological profile of dromedary camels naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi

Ismail-Hamdi¹,

Gharb²,

Hamd

2022

Emir J Food Agric

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Trypanosomiasis is widely distributed in African and Asian camel livestock. It is among the major constraint to camel production and causes serious economic losses. The disease control and management required knowledge about its impact on animal health. Objectives: The present study aims to confirm T. evansi infection in studied animals and to determine the modifications of haematological parameters in infected camels compared to non-infected ones. Methods: A total of 241 dromedary camels were randomly selected. Parasitological and serological tests were performed to confirm the infection. Haematological parameters (Red Blood cell Count, White Blood Cells, haemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volume, Mean Cell Volume, Mean Cell Haemoglobin, Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration, Red cell Distribution Width and White Blood cell Count) were automatically analysed, differential leukocyte counts was manually carried out and morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes were recorded. Results: Trypanosoma evansi infection was confirmed in 3.6% of animals by microscopy and in 57.3% by serology. In seropositives camels, the most important haematological alterations were microcytic hypochromic anaemia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, eosinophilia and anisocytosis. Conclusion:On the basis of these findings, haematological parameters, markedly affected in T. evansi infection, are good biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. They may be used for planning control programs to reduce its impact on camel livestock production

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“…Similarly, previous reports found that T. evansi infection or seropositivity were higher on adult camels (> 4 years) than young ones 5 , 13 , 39 . However, other studies have found a higher rate of T. evansi infection in young camels 33 , 40 and no association between of T. evansi infection and camel age 41 , 42 . The high risk of T. evansi infection in older camels could be attributed to the chronic nature of the disease and intermittent parasitaemia, poor management and stress associated with the use of camels in draught.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore, the PCR estimated prevalence in the present study was higher than 11.2% reported in camels from South Algeria 5 , but lower than the 30% 32 and 31.9% 12 reported in camels from Palestine and Pakistan, respectively. The variation in the T. evansi prevalence could be attributed to sample size, sampling technique and vector density in the study area 33 . The significant difference in proportion of positivity determined by each test is expected and is consistent with previous study in camels from Kenya 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prevalence and animal level risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels

Selim

Alafari

Attia

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Surra is a non-cyclic parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) and spread by biting flies. The disease has a severe impact on camel health, productivity, and market value, posing a significant threat to food safety and the economy. In a cross-sectional study, 370 blood samples were collected from camels in three Egyptian governorates. Samples were tested using parasitological (thin blood smear (TBS)), card agglutination test for T. evansi (CATT), and PCR to estimate the prevalence of T. evansi infection. Overall, the prevalence of T. evansi among examined camels was 17.3%, 18.9% and 22.7% using TBS, CATT and PCR methods, respectively. The risk of T. evansi infection in older camels (> 10 years) is higher than that in young ones (odds ratio (OR) = 9; 95% CI: 3.5–23.1), particularly during spring (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.7). Furthermore, females and poor conditioned camels were 2.6 and four times more likely to get infection than males and good conditioned camels, respectively. The level of agreement between diagnostics tests were perfect kappa (> 0.83). Moreover, CATT showed higher sensitivity (0.83; 95% CI: 0.74–0.91) than TBS (0.76; 95% CI: 0.66–0.85) and both had perfect specificity (100%). In conclusion, our findings revealed a high rate of T. evansi infection in camels from the three Egyptian governorates. The CATT is a good test for routine use in control program of trypanosomiasis in camels.

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Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels using CATT/T. evansi technique in Borno and Yobe states, Nigeria

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Serological survey and associated risk factors' analysis of Trypanosomiasis in camels from Southern Tunisia

Serological survey and associated risk factors' analysis of Trypanosomiasis in camels from Southern Tunisia

Haematological profile of dromedary camels naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi

Prevalence and animal level risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels

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