Immune Responses to MERS-CoV in Humans and Animals

Alharbi, Naif Khalaf; Kulkarni, Swarali S.; Falzarano, Darryl

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_5

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, the constant mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which results in different variants, narrows the effectiveness of the licensed vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections, thus suggesting a needed continuous effort in developing a SARS-CoV-2 universal vaccine [ 6 ]. Besides the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, other human coronaviruses (huCoVs) including human CoV (HCoV)-229E (1962), HCoV-OC43 (1967), SARS-CoV (2002), HCoV-NL63 (2004), HCoV-HKUI (2005), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS)-CoV (2012) and SARS-CoV-2 (2019) have been implicated in different outbreaks since the start of the 21st century [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Although the trend of the emergence of coronaviruses remains unclear, adequate preparation must be made for a possible emerging or re-emerging strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Conserved Regions in Coronavirus Spike Protein for Developing a Novel Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Olukitibi

Warner

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Over the years, several distinct pathogenic coronaviruses have emerged, including the pandemic SARS-CoV-2, which is difficult to curtail despite the availability of licensed vaccines. The difficulty in managing SARS-CoV-2 is linked to changes in the variants’ proteins, especially in the spike protein (SP) used for viral entry. These mutations, especially in the SP, enable the virus to evade immune responses induced by natural infection or vaccination. However, some parts of the SP in the S1 subunit and the S2 subunit are considered conserved among coronaviruses. In this review, we will discuss the epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunit proteins that have been demonstrated by various studies to be conserved among coronaviruses and may be immunogenic for the development of a vaccine. Considering the higher conservancy of the S2, we will further discuss the likely challenges that could limit the S2 subunit from inducing robust immune responses and the promising approaches to increase its immunogenicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Conserved Regions in Coronavirus Spike Protein for Developing a Novel Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Olukitibi

Warner

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus suggesting a needed continuous effort in developing a SARS-CoV-2 universal vaccine [6]. [7][8][9][10][11]. Although the trend of the emergence of coronaviruses remains unclear, adequate preparation must be made for a possible emerging or re-emerging strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Conserved Regions in Coronavirus Spike Protein for Developing a Novel Vaccine against SARS-Cov-2 Infection

Olukitibi¹,

Ao²,

Warner³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Over the years, several distinct pathogenic coronaviruses have emerged, including the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 which is difficult to curtail despite the availability of licensed vaccines. The difficulty in managing SARS-CoV-2 is linked to changes in the variants’ proteins, especially in the spike protein (S) used for viral entry. These mutations, especially in the S, enable the virus to evade the immune responses induced by natural infection or vaccination. However, some parts of the SP in the S1 subunit and the S2 subunit are considered conserved among coronaviruses. In this review, we will discuss the epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunit proteins that have been demonstrated by various studies to be conserved among coronaviruses and may be immunogenic for the development of vaccine. Considering the higher conservancy of the S2, we will further discuss the likely challenges that could limit the S2 subunit from inducing robust immune responses and the promising approaches to increase their immunogenicity.

show abstract

Immune Responses to MERS-CoV in Humans and Animals

Cited by 2 publications

References 71 publications

Significance of Conserved Regions in Coronavirus Spike Protein for Developing a Novel Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Significance of Conserved Regions in Coronavirus Spike Protein for Developing a Novel Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Significance of Conserved Regions in Coronavirus Spike Protein for Developing a Novel Vaccine against SARS-Cov-2 Infection

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