Immune signaling pathways in the endoparasitoid, <i>Pteromalus puparum</i>

Yang, Lei; Wang, Jiale; Jin, Hongxia; Fang, Qi; Yan, Zhichao; Zhe, Liu; Zou, Zhen; Song, Qisheng; Stanley, David; Yè, Gōngyín

doi:10.1002/arch.21629

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Toll protein is the predominant gene product involved in the Toll pathway (Kim and Kim, 2005). The number of Toll genes in the genome of D. kikuchii (11 genes) is greater than in Pteromalus puparum (6), Apis mellifera (4), B. mori (5), Anopheles gambiae (7), and Drosophila melanogaster (5) (Yang et al, 2019). In the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) family, the IMD signaling pathway has two pattern-recognition receptors: PGRP-LC and PGRP-LE (Bosco-Drayon et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2020;Neyen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Expansion Of Genes In the Toll And Imd Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Reveals Significant Gene Expansion in the Toll and IMD Signaling Pathways of Dendrolimus kikuchii

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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A high-quality genome is of significant value when seeking to control forest pests such as Dendrolimus kikuchii, a destructive member of the order Lepidoptera that is widespread in China. Herein, a high quality, chromosome-level reference genome for D. kikuchii based on Nanopore, Pacbio HiFi sequencing and the Hi-C capture system is presented. Overall, a final genome assembly of 705.51 Mb with contig and scaffold N50 values of 20.89 and 24.73 Mb, respectively, was obtained. Of these contigs, 95.89% had unique locations on 29 chromosomes. In silico analysis revealed that the genome contained 15,323 protein-coding genes and 63.44% repetitive sequences. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that D. kikuchii may diverged from the common ancestor of Thaumetopoea. Pityocampa, Thaumetopoea ni, Heliothis virescens, Hyphantria armigera, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Spodoptera litura approximately 122.05 million years ago. Many gene families were expanded in the D. kikuchii genome, particularly those of the Toll and IMD signaling pathway, which included 10 genes in peptidoglycan recognition protein, 19 genes in MODSP, and 11 genes in Toll. The findings from this study will help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in protection of D. kikuchii against foreign substances and pathogens, and may highlight a potential channel to control this pest.

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Section: Expansion Of Genes In the Toll And Imd Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Reveals Significant Gene Expansion in the Toll and IMD Signaling Pathways of Dendrolimus kikuchii

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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“…To investigate the effects of PpTollA and PpIMD on P. puparum wasps against B. bassiana , RNAi-mediated knockdown of PpTollA and PpIMD was performed along with the observation of their impact on the survival rates of these parasitoids. The complete coding sequences of PpTollA and PpIMD were obtained from our previous study [ 27 ]. Primers with a T7 promoter sequence were designed to amplify 400–500 bp products from the genome of P. puparum .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can serve as a promising biological tool in agriculture. A high-quality chromosome-level P. puparum genome was published previously, along with the identification of immune genes [ 26 , 27 ], laying a foundation for elucidating its antifungal mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll and IMD Immune Pathways Are Important Antifungal Defense Components in a Pupal Parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum

Yang,

Wang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Insects employ multifaceted strategies to combat invading fungi, with immunity being a promising mechanism. Immune pathways function in signal transduction and amplification, ultimately leading to the activation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Although several studies have shown that immune pathways are responsible for defending against fungi, the roles of parasitoid immune pathways involved in antifungal responses remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the roles of the Toll and IMD pathways of a pupal parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), in fighting against Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). Successful colonization of B. bassiana on P. puparum adults was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AMPs were induced upon B. bassiana infection. The knockdown of key genes, PpTollA and PpIMD, in Toll and IMD signaling pathways, respectively, significantly compromised insect defense against fungal infection. The knockdown of either PpTollA or PpIMD in P. puparum dramatically promoted the proliferation of B. bassiana, resulting in a decreased survival rate and downregulated expression levels of AMPs against B. bassiana compared to controls. These data indicated that PpTollA and PpIMD participate in Toll and IMD-mediated activation of antifungal responses, respectively. In summary, this study has greatly broadened our knowledge of the parasitoid antifungal immunity against fungi.

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“…The annotation of P. puparum related to immune genes, cuticle genes, SPs and their homologs, and GSTs was readily available for DEG analysis [32,33,77,78]. The annotation of other DEGs was obtained from Pfam and Swissprot databases [79,80].…”

Section: Illumina Sequencing and Deg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, RNA-Seq has emerged as a powerful tool for high-throughput gene expression analysis, providing valuable insights into the genes involved in resisting fungal infections. Previous research has revealed a comprehensive genome of P. puparum at the chromosomal level [31], and identified several genes involved in immunity, cuticle formation, and detoxication, paving the way for a deeper molecular analysis of this parasitoid [32,33]. By integrating genomic and transcriptomic data, we can gain a comprehensive view of the underlying interaction mechanisms between P. puparum and the fungus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

Yang,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Both parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi are becoming increasingly crucial for managing pest populations. Therefore, it is essential to carefully consider the potential impact of entomopathogenic fungi on parasitoids due to their widespread pathogenicity and the possible overlap between these biological control tools during field applications. However, despite their importance, little research has been conducted on the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi on parasitoids. In our study, we aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating the interaction between the well-known entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and the pupal endoparasitoid Pteromalus puparum. Our results demonstrated that the presence of B. bassiana significantly affected the survival rates of P. puparum under laboratory conditions. The pathogenicity of B. bassiana on P. puparum was dose- and time-dependent, as determined via through surface spraying or oral ingestion. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the immune system plays a primary and crucial role in defending against B. bassiana. Notably, several upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the Toll and IMD pathways, which are key components of the insect immune system, and antimicrobial peptides were rapidly induced during both the early and late stages of infection. In contrast, a majority of genes involved in the activation of prophenoloxidase and antioxidant mechanisms were downregulated. Additionally, we identified downregulated DEGs related to cuticle formation, olfactory mechanisms, and detoxification processes. In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the interactions between P. puparum and B. bassiana, shedding light on the changes in gene expression during fungal infection. These findings have significant implications for the development of more effective and sustainable strategies for pest management in agriculture.

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Immune signaling pathways in the endoparasitoid, Pteromalus puparum

Cited by 5 publications

References 92 publications

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Reveals Significant Gene Expansion in the Toll and IMD Signaling Pathways of Dendrolimus kikuchii

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Reveals Significant Gene Expansion in the Toll and IMD Signaling Pathways of Dendrolimus kikuchii

Toll and IMD Immune Pathways Are Important Antifungal Defense Components in a Pupal Parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

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