Immunisation of cattle against theileriosis in Nakuru District of Kenya by infection and treatment and the introduction of unconventional tick control

Young, A. S.; Mutugi, J.J.; Kariuki, D. P.; Lampard, D.; Maritim, A.C.; Ngumi, P.N.; Linyonyi, A.; Leitch, B. L.; Ndungu, S.G.; Lesan, A.C.; Mining, Simeon; Grootenhuis, J.G.; Orinda, George O.; Wesonga, D.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(92)90064-g

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Calves positive on serology, but negative on microscopy represent calves that either have cleared the infection or are latent carriers in which the parasitaemia is too low to be detected by microscopy (Young et al . 1990). The detection of parasitaemia on microscopy is thus indicative of a higher parasitic load which caused the lower PCV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of co-infections on the haematological profile of East African Short-horn Zebu calves

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYThe cumulative effect of co-infections between pathogen pairs on the haematological response of East African Short-horn Zebu calves is described. Using a longitudinal study design a stratified clustered random sample of newborn calves were recruited into the Infectious Diseases of East African Livestock (IDEAL) study and monitored at 5-weekly intervals until 51 weeks of age. At each visit samples were collected and analysed to determine the infection status of each calf as well as their haematological response. The haematological parameters investigated included packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet count (Plt). The pathogens of interest included tick-borne protozoa and rickettsias, trypanosomes and intestinal parasites. Generalized additive mixed-effect models were used to model the infectious status of pathogens against each haematological parameter, including significant interactions between pathogens. These models were further used to predict the cumulative effect of co-infecting pathogen pairs on each haematological parameter. The most significant decrease in PCV was found with co-infections of trypanosomes and strongyles. Strongyle infections also resulted in a significant decrease in WBC at a high infectious load. Trypanosomes were the major cause of thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts were also affected by interactions between tick-borne pathogens. Interactions between concomitant pathogens were found to complicate the prognosis and clinical presentation of infected calves and should be taken into consideration in any study that investigates disease under field conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of co-infections on the haematological profile of East African Short-horn Zebu calves

et al. 2013

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“…The Theileria sp. (Marula) parasite was isolated from cattle in Kenya which developed theileriosis after being exposed to natural tick challenge subsequent to immunization against the local T. parva parasites by infection and treatment (Young et al 1992). The distribution of this parasite needs to be determined and the Marula probe will enable this to be assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The filters were air dried at room temperature, sealed in polythene and stored at 4 °C for up to 3 weeks if not required immediately. Pre-hybridization was in 7 % SDS, 05 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 75, (Church & Gilbert, 1984) and hybridization was carried out with 32 P-labelled oligonucleotide at T m -2 0°C in Young et al (1992) the same solution. The probes were labelled at 2 x 10 6 cpm/pmole (Cerenkov) and incorporated in the hybridization solution at 10 6 cpm/ml.…”

Section: Direct Detection Of Parasite Srrnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination between six species of Theileria using oligonucleotide probes which detect small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences

et al. 1993

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SUMMARYThe complete small subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene of Theileria parva was cloned and sequenced. Two primers were designed which permitted the specific amplification of part of the Theileria srRNA gene from Theileria-infected cell line samples which were predominantly (> 95%) bovine DNA. The sequence of the central (variable) region of the srRNA genes of T. annulata, T. taurotragi, T. mutans and two unidentified parasites referred to as Theileria sp. (buffalo) and Theileria sp. (Marula) were obtained. An alignment of the sequences was generated from which 6 oligonucleotide probes, corresponding to species-specific regions, were designed. These probes were demonstrated to provide unequivocal identification of each of the 6 species either by direct detection of parasite srRNA or by hybridization to amplified parasite srRNA genes. The probes were not able to distinguish buffalo-derived T. parva, the causal agent of Corridor disease, from cattle-derived T. parva, the causal agent of East Coast fever.

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“…The involvement of the African buffalo has been well documented (Neitz, 1957;Young & Grootenhuis, 1985;Norval et al 1992). Where cattle and buffalo share grazing and either R. appendiculatus or R. zambeziensis occur, buffaloderived T. parva is likely to cause major cattle disease problems as described by Young et al (1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Theileria parva which infects waterbuck (Kobus defassa)

et al. 1994

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Theileria-free waterbuck (Kobus defassa) born in captivity were successfully infected with Theileria parva sporozoites derived from ticks infected by feeding on African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). All waterbuck underwent mild infections with the development of sporadic schizont and piroplasm parasitosis when inoculated with sporozoite doses lethal to cattle. A carrier state of T. parva was demonstrated by feeding clean R. appendiculatus nymphs on two of these infected waterbuck. Tick batches from these waterbuck on 2 of 5 occasions transmitted lethal Theileria infections to cattle. In a separate experiment, waterbuck cells were infected and transformed in vitro by T. parva sporozoites derived from buffalo but not by cattle-derived T. parva (Muguga) sporozoites. Waterbuck cells infected in vitro with T. parva isolated from buffalo were inoculated into autologous waterbuck but no infections developed. Theileria parva isolates generated in this study from various sources were characterized using anti-T. parva schizont monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and it was found that buffalo-derived and waterbuck-passaged isolates had different profiles. Species-specific synthetic oligonucleotide probes, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with cloned T. parva DNA probes, and DNA sequence analysis of the p67 sporozoite antigen gene confirmed that the waterbuck-passaged parasite was T. parva. The Tpr repetitive probe hybridization patterns from the waterbuck-passaged parasites were different from the other samples tested. The ribosomal genotype of the waterbuck-passaged T. parva was similar to that of cattle-derived T. parva Muguga. Analyses with both probes and MAbs suggested that a minor parasite population present within the T. parva 7014 buffalo-derived stock had been selected during waterbuck passage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Immunisation of cattle against theileriosis in Nakuru District of Kenya by infection and treatment and the introduction of unconventional tick control

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

The impact of co-infections on the haematological profile of East African Short-horn Zebu calves

The impact of co-infections on the haematological profile of East African Short-horn Zebu calves

Discrimination between six species of Theileria using oligonucleotide probes which detect small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences

Characterization of Theileria parva which infects waterbuck (Kobus defassa)

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