Immunity and morbidity in schistosomiasis japonicum infection

Olds, G R; Olveda, Remigio M.; Wu, Guan-Ling; Wiest, Peter M.; McGarvey, Stephen T.; Aligui, Gemiliano; Zhang, S; Ramirez, Bernadette; Daniel, Bruce L.; Peters, Pierre; Romulo, R. L. C.; P, Fevidal; Tiu, Wilfred U.; Yuan, Jianhua; Domingo, Ernesto O.; Blas, Bayani L.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.121

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The inflammation-mediated mechanisms discussed above may also apply to other human-specific Schistosoma species. Nevertheless, because differences in the numbers of eggs excreted and, possibly, differences in adaptation of the human host to different species may influence these mechanisms (25), more research is required to assess the proportions of these causes in other Schistosoma species. Another limitation lies in the definition of reinfection, as some patients classified as reinfected may represent individuals who did not experience a full cure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma japonicum Reinfection after Praziquantel Treatment Causes Anemia Associated with Inflammation

et al. 2006

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There is a relationship between schistosomiasis and anemia, although the magnitude and exact mechanisms involved are unclear. In a cohort of 580 Schistosoma japonicum-infected 7-to 30-year-old patients from Leyte, The Philippines, we evaluated the impact of reinfection with S. japonicum after treatment with praziquantel on the mean hemoglobin level, iron-deficiency (IDA) and non-iron-deficiency anemia (NIDA), and inflammatory markers. All participants were treated at baseline and followed up every 3 months for a total of 18 months. At each follow-up, participants provided stools to quantify reinfection and venous blood samples for hemograms and measures of iron status and inflammation. After 18 months, reinfection with S. japonicum was associated with a lower mean hemoglobin level (؊0.39 g/dl; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], ؊0.63 to ؊0.16) and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.10 to 2.61) times higher odds of all-cause anemia than those without reinfection. Reinfection was associated with IDA for high reinfection intensities only. Conversely, reinfection was associated with NIDA for all infection intensities. Reinfection was associated with serum interleukin-6 responses (P < 0.01), and these responses were associated with NIDA (P ‫؍‬ 0.019) but not with IDA (P ‫؍‬ 0.29). Our results provide strong evidence for the causal relationship between S. japonicum infection and anemia. Rapidly reinfected individuals did not have the positive treatment effect on hemoglobin seen in nonreinfected individuals. The principle mechanism involved in S. japonicum-associated anemia is that of proinflammatory cytokine-mediated anemia, with iron deficiency playing a role in high-intensity infections. Based on the proposed mechanism, anemia is unlikely to be ameliorated by iron therapy alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma japonicum Reinfection after Praziquantel Treatment Causes Anemia Associated with Inflammation

et al. 2006

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“…Liver enlargement initially tends to correspond in size to the intensity of concurrent or recent infections. Thus, hepatomegaly reflects granulomatous perioval inflammation rather than consequent fibrosis and occurs early in the evolution of chronic disease (137). Modulation of the inflammatory response has been observed in murine models and is expected to occur in humans.…”

Section: Hepatosplenic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longitudinal studies of endemic schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil indicate that reversal of human liver pathology does occur and relates to falling worm burdens, whether they fall spontaneously (166) or as result of repeated chemotherapy (168). Such reversal also occurs for human schistosomiasis japonica but is slow and may be aborted by reinfection (137).…”

Section: Hepatosplenic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schistosome infection in childhood also causes substantial wasting and growth retardation without pituitary dwarfism (115,137). Chemotherapeutic cure resulted in catch-up growth, but this did not equal the original deficit.…”

Section: Growth Retardation and Cognitive Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These forms of severe disease are now uncommon. However, weakness, diarrhea, growth retardation, hepatomegaly, and liver fibrosis are still common in areas of endemicity, especially in the lake and marshland zones (103,137,153). All improve with chemotherapy but recur with reinfection.…”

Section: Hepatosplenic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: Prospects and Challenges for the 21st Century

et al. 2001

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Schistosomiasis japonica is a serious communicable disease and a major disease risk for more than 30 million people living in the tropical and subtropical zones of China. Infection remains a major public health concern despite 45 years of intensive control efforts. It is estimated that 865,000 people and 100,250 bovines are today infected in the provinces where the disease is endemic, and its transmission continues. Unlike the other schistosome species known to infect humans, the oriental schistosome, Schistosoma japonicum, is a true zoonotic organism, with a range of mammalian reservoirs, making control efforts extremely difficult. Clinical features of schistosomiasis range from fever, headache, and lethargy to severe fibro-obstructive pathology leading to portal hypertension, ascites, and hepatosplenomegaly, which can cause premature death. Infected children are stunted and have cognitive defects impairing memory and learning ability. Current control programs are heavily based on community chemotherapy with a single dose of the drug praziquantel, but vaccines (for use in bovines and humans) in combination with other control strategies are needed to make elimination of the disease possible. In this article, we provide an overview of the biology, epidemiology, clinical features, and prospects for control of oriental schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China

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Sm14 Schistosoma mansoni Fatty Acid‐Binding Protein: Molecular Basis for an Antihelminth Vaccine

Tendler

Ramos

Simpson

2012

Parasitic Helminths

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Immunity and morbidity in schistosomiasis japonicum infection

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Schistosoma japonicum Reinfection after Praziquantel Treatment Causes Anemia Associated with Inflammation

Schistosoma japonicum Reinfection after Praziquantel Treatment Causes Anemia Associated with Inflammation

Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: Prospects and Challenges for the 21st Century

Sm14 Schistosoma mansoni Fatty Acid‐Binding Protein: Molecular Basis for an Antihelminth Vaccine

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