Immunity to Diphtheria and Tetanus in Army Personnel and Adult Civilians in Mashhad, Iran

Hosseini-Shokouh, Seyyed-Javad; Mohammadi, Babak; Rajabi, Jalil; Roshan, Ghasem Mohammadian

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.473

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Looking at the examples around the world, it was found in a study conducted in Germany with people aged 19-90 that the protective effect is especially high in vaccinated young people but it declines rapidly with aging without booster doses (24). Hosseini Shokouh et al (25) investigated to immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in army personnel and adult civilians in Mashhad, Iran. For both diseases, geometric mean antitoxin titers and the proportion of participants with at least basic protection were higher in subjects with a history of vaccination in the last 10 years, higher in men than women, and in army personnel than civilians in each age group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erişkinlerde Tetanoz Antikor Düzeylerinin Araştırılması

Alkan

Öztürk

Çalışkan

et al. 2019

Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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Aim: Tetanus is an acute and lethal disease caused by exotoxins named tetanospasmin produced by Clostridium tetani. Despite being vaccine-preventable, tetanus is still a toxicinfectious disease with high mortality. In this cross-sectional study, it is aimed to determine levels of tetanus anti-toxin IgG and factors affecting it in adults in the region. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with patients applied to the blood sampling laboratory unit of Düzce University Hospital. Tetanus anti-toxin IgG Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay kits (Catalog number: EI 2060-9601 G, Euroimmun, Germany) were used for detection of tetanus antibodies. Those with tetanus anti-toxin IgG >0.1 IU/ml were considered immunized. Socio-demographic information of participants were collected using a questionnaire during blood collection. Results: Sufficient tetanus antibody was detected in 140 (39.3%) of 356 patients. Protective antibody ratios were found as 49 (70.0%) in 30-40 age group, 39 (54.9%) in 41-50 age group, 22 (31.0%) in 51-60 age group, 16 (22.2%) in 61-70 age group and 14 (19.4%) in >71 age group. Tetanus immunity ratios were significantly reduced with aging (p<0.001). Protective antibodies were found to be higher in the groups who had more education and who were vaccinated in adult ages for any reason than in the other groups (both p<0.001). Conclusion: It was thought that the childhood immunity should be reinforced with the booster doses during adulthood by routine tetanus immunization program. In addition, the high level of tetanus immunity in those with high educational level has shown the importance of education.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erişkinlerde Tetanoz Antikor Düzeylerinin Araştırılması

Alkan

Öztürk

Çalışkan

et al. 2019

Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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“…A comparison with other armed forces shows that the Bundeswehr has a slightly lower vaccination rate for tetanus [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], similarly high vaccination rates for polio and Hep B [ 14 , 17 , 18 ], and considerably higher vaccination rates for all other examined vaccinations [ 14 , 19 , 20 ]. This indicates that, in general, vaccination monitoring works in the Bundeswehr although there is clearly need for improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised Controlled Study on Measures to Increase Vaccination Rates among German Armed Forces Soldiers

Arnold

Gundlach

Böckelmann

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Vaccination is one of the most effective medical measures for preventing infectious diseases. Even though there are recommendations for specific occupational groups that have an increased risk of infection, e.g., armed forces personnel, there are gaps in the vaccination rates of this personal. We conducted a randomised and controlled cohort study to examine whether a computerised reminder system would increase the vaccination rates of active soldiers over a period of twelve months. A total of 506 soldiers with a mean age of 27.7 ± 6.5 years (experimental group (EG)) and 27.9 ± 6.3 years (control group (CG)) were included in our study. Only 26.2% of the EG and 31.3% of the CG had received the required vaccinations at the beginning of our study. The vaccination rates for influenza (50.5% and 49.1%) and tick-borne encephalitis (57.1% and 60.7%) were particularly low, for measles, mumps, and rubella they were high (94.3% and 97.8%). A highly significant increase (p < 0.001) in vaccination rates was observed for both groups during our study. The results revealed considerable vaccination gaps among German armed forces soldiers. Despite a highly significant increase in vaccination rates during the study, there is still a clear need for action.

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Vaccination coverage rates of military personnel worldwide: a systematic review of the literature

Arnold

Gundlach

Böckelmann

et al. 2020

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Objectives Due to the professionally specific risk of infection in the armed forces, recommendations for vaccination are usually adapted for soldiers and are subject to special regulations. Little data is available on scientifically measured vaccination coverage of soldiers. Methods A systematic literature research was carried out in the PubMed database using the search terms “army” or “military” or “Bundeswehr” and “vaccination” or “vaccine”. Studies covering the period from 1990 to 2018 that contain statements on vaccination coverage rates of soldiers were identified. Twenty-two out of the initially found 1801 results were used. Results The studies found were conducted in nine different countries with eight out of the 22 studies originating from the USA. The size of study was between 180 and 32,502 subjects. On average, the vaccination rates determined in the studies were between 26.8 and 94.7%. Hepatitis A coverage was lowest (a minimum of 11.3%) and tetanus vaccination coverage was highest (with a maximum of 94.7%). Vaccination rates decreased with increasing age and coverage tended to be lower for men than for women. The term of service did not have a significant effect on vaccination rates. Conclusions On the whole, most studies referred to recruits. They showed high vaccination rates for standard vaccinations and lower vaccination rates for indication and seasonal vaccinations. However, there were also vaccination gaps of temporary-career volunteers. This leads to a considerable effort at the armed forces to complete vaccine protection in case of a short-term operational commitment.

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Immunity to Diphtheria and Tetanus in Army Personnel and Adult Civilians in Mashhad, Iran

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Erişkinlerde Tetanoz Antikor Düzeylerinin Araştırılması

Erişkinlerde Tetanoz Antikor Düzeylerinin Araştırılması

Randomised Controlled Study on Measures to Increase Vaccination Rates among German Armed Forces Soldiers

Vaccination coverage rates of military personnel worldwide: a systematic review of the literature

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