Immunization of Ducks against Malaria by Means of Killed Parasites with or without Adjuvants 1

Thomson, KJ; Freund, Jules; Sommer, Harriet E.; Walter, Annabel W.; Pisani, T. M.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1947.s1-27.79

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Both ducks and monkeys were protected following immunisation with killed and adjuvanted Plasmodium lophurae and Plasmodium knowlesi infected red blood cells respectively [8,9]. Protection was also observed using the human malaria parasite, P. falciparum, in Aotus monkeys [10].…”

Section: Evidence For a Whole Parasite Blood Stage Vaccine Approachmentioning

confidence: 95%

Whole organism blood stage vaccines against malaria

Stanisic

Good

2015

Vaccine

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Despite a century of research focused on the development and implementation of effective control strategies, infection with the malaria parasite continues to result in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. An effective malaria vaccine is considered by many to be the definitive solution. Yet, after decades of research, we are still without a vaccine that is capable of inducing robust, long lasting protection in naturally exposed individuals. Extensive sub-unit vaccine development focused on the blood stage of the malaria parasite has thus far yielded disappointing results. There is now a renewed focus on whole parasite vaccine strategies, particularly as they may overcome some of the inherent weaknesses deemed to be associated with the sub-unit approach. This review discusses the whole parasite vaccine strategy focusing on the blood stage of the malaria parasite, with an emphasis on recent advances and challenges in the development of killed and live attenuated vaccines.

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Section: Evidence For a Whole Parasite Blood Stage Vaccine Approachmentioning

confidence: 95%

Whole organism blood stage vaccines against malaria

Stanisic

Good

2015

Vaccine

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“…Administration of killed parasites alone did not result in amyloidosis (Thompson et al, 1947). Amyloidosis can also be induced by intratracheal injections of methylcholanthrene (Rigdon, 1960), by Escherichia coli whole cell extract and crude endotoxin (Ling et al, 1991), as well as after inoculation of crude extracts of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium (Ling, 1992).…”

Section: Induction Of Avion Amyloidosismentioning

confidence: 98%

Avian amyloidosis

Landman¹,

Gruys

Gielkens

1998

Avian Pathology

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Although amyloid deposits have been described for more than a century and a half, its proteinaceous and fibrillar nature was not revealed until after 1950. Biochemical characterization of amyloids has brought to light that several non-related proteins can re-organize into amyloid fibrils. In some domestic and caged wild birds, and especially waterfowl, amyloidosis is a well recognized pathological disorder and is an important cause of death in Anseriformes. Its regular occurrence in Galliformes has been recognized more recently, where amyloid deposits occur mainly in the joints in contrast to other species studied so far. Avian amyloidosis is systemic in nature, being classified by amino acid sequencing and, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies as of the AA-type amyloid, also named reactive or secondary amyloid. The pathogenesis of both AA and other types of amyloidosis is a complex phenomenon that is not well understood. It has been shown that the occurrence of certain predisposing conditions and chronic infections, inflammations or tumours increase strongly the serum levels of the hepatic acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA), the precursor protein of amyloid protein A (AA). Although an increased pool of precursor protein is necessary for amyloid to develop and while certain amino acid substitutions may favour amyloidogenicity giving rise to unstable intermediate protein conformations that easily re-organize into fibrils, the action of other factors which are discussed in this review, seems of vital importance at the initiation of fibrillogenesis. As the clinical symptoms of amyloidosis generally are non-specific, diagnosis requires histopathology following biopsy or necropsy. AA-amyloidosis is a fatal progressive disease in birds and other species. Currently no curative treatment is available, therefore special attention should be paid to prevention focusing on hygiene and avoidance of stress.

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“…horse serum (7), influenza PR8 virus (8,9), and poliomyelitis virus (10). Also, an increased ability to confer protection against infection with Plasmodium l~nowle~d (ii, 12), and Plasmodium Iophurae and Plo.smodium cathemerium (13) was demonstrated following the use of killed tubercle bacilli in water-in-oil emulsion vaccines of these parasites. Certain results exist in which this potentiation of antibody response by tubercle bacilli was not demonstrated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies on Antibody Production

White

Coons

Connolly

1955

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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It is the purpose of this paper to draw attention to the very active adjuvant properties of tubercle bacillary wax in potentiating the serum antibody responses to ovalb,rnln, administered as a water-in-oil emulsion, subcutaneously into guinea pigs. Also the morphological effects of the injection of this antigenie mixture, with or without added tubercle bacillary wax, are described.The usefulness of the Freund-type adjuvants in which the antigen is incorporated into the watery phase of a water-in-oil emulsion, the oily phase of which contains added killed myeobacteria, is now firmly established. The knowledge concerning their action and the realization of their usefulness has accumulated from many sources, some of which are quite unrelated to one another. Lewis and Loomis (1, 2) observed that living, virulent tubercle bacilli, injected into the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs, enhanced antibody formation to various antigens subsequently introduced by the same route. This report led to many attempts to substitute killed mycobacteria for the living organisms, owing to the dangers and inconvenience of the latter. But killed bacteria are ineffective in this respect if administered in a watery medium. Coulaud 0) later demonstrated that persistent and intense skin sensitization could be produced in rabbits providing the killed mycobacteria were incorporated into melted paraffin. Many subsequent publications were devoted to various aspects of the relationship of paraffin oil and tubercle bacilli to the allergy of disease and to the mechanism of delayed skin sensitivity. In recent years this problem has received clarification from the work of Raifel and his associates. Raffel (4) showed that defatted tubercle bacilli were incapable of establishing tuberculin sensitivity, even if employed in very large doses and over long periods of time. But, if the defatted bacilli were mixed with a

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Immunization of Ducks against Malaria by Means of Killed Parasites with or without Adjuvants 1

Cited by 26 publications

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Whole organism blood stage vaccines against malaria

Whole organism blood stage vaccines against malaria

Avian amyloidosis

Studies on Antibody Production

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