Immunization of Mice with a Mutant of &lt;i&gt;Cryptococcus neoformans&lt;/i&gt;

Reiss, Frederick; Alture-Werber, Erna

doi:10.1159/000251156

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For example, killed vaccines have generally been ineffective and some have enhanced infection. Live vaccines using attenuated mutants have been shown to induce stronger, longer-lasting immune responses in those immunocompetent [76][77][78]. However, live vaccines are not safe for use in immunocompromised patients, and any 9 Journal of Immunology Research attempt to develop a live vaccine for cryptococcosis is likely to face significant ethical outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitope-Based Immunoinformatic Approach on Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein Complex of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii

Elhassan

Alsony

Othman

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Introduction. Cryptococcosis is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. It has high global morbidity and mortality among HIV patients and non-HIV carriers with 99% and 95%, respectively. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of undesired toxicity profile of antifungal, multidrug-resistant organisms and the scarcity of FDA-authorized vaccines were the hallmark in the present days. This study was undertaken to design a reliable epitope-based peptide vaccine through targeting highly conserved immunodominant heat shock 70 kDa protein of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii that covers a considerable digit of the world population through implementing a computational vaccinology approach. Materials and Methods. A total of 38 sequences of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii’s heat shock 70 kDa protein were retrieved from the NCBI protein database. Different prediction tools were used to analyze the aforementioned protein at the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) to discriminate the most promising T-cell and B-cell epitopes. The proposed T-cell epitopes were subjected to the population coverage analysis tool to compute the global population’s coverage. Finally, the T-cell projected epitopes were ranked based on their binding scores and modes using AutoDock Vina software. Results and Discussion. The epitopes (ANYVQASEK, QSEKPKNVNPVI, SEKPKNVNPVI, and EKPKNVNPVI) had shown very strong binding affinity and immunogenic properties to B-cell. (FTQLVAAYL, YVYDTRGKL) and (FFGGKVLNF, FINAQLVDV, and FDYALVQHF) exhibited a very strong binding affinity to MHC-I and MHC-II, respectively, with high population coverage for each, while FYRQGAFEL has shown promising results in terms of its binding profile to MHC-II and MHC-I alleles and good strength of binding when docked with HLA-C ∗ 12:03. In addition, there is massive global population coverage in the three coverage modes. Accordingly, our in silico vaccine is expected to be the future epitope-based peptide vaccine against Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii that covers a significant figure of the entire world citizens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitope-Based Immunoinformatic Approach on Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein Complex of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii

Elhassan

Alsony

Othman

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…From 1960 to 2006, those studies generally used C. neoformans strains as live or inactivated fungal whole-cell antigens, without genetic manipulations (Table 1). These fungal cells were capsule-deficient [8][9][10] or avirulent with abnormal morphology, 11 and were obtained by natural screening or enzyme treatment. Immunization with the whole-cell antigens was done by intraperitoneal (i.p.)…”

Section: Chronological Overview Of Whole-cell Vaccines Against Crypto...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising whole‐cell vaccines against cryptococcosis

Ueno

Tsuge

Shimizu

et al. 2023

Microbiology and Immunology

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Cryptococcosis is a mycosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii species complexes. Although this infection is potentially lethal, no prophylactic vaccine is yet commercially available, and the immune memory that enables prevention is still under investigation. These pathogens have a capsule layer for immune evasion and a sophisticated mechanism to advance the infection, and it is expected that these characteristics will make it difficult to develop prophylactic vaccines and to decipher the protective immunity. The current vaccine studies are focused on subunit, mRNA, DNA, and viral vector vaccines, with whole‐cell vaccines also proving successful against cryptococcal infections. Cryptococcal whole‐cell vaccines have been composed of highly immunostimulating strains with low‐pathogenicity that are modified by genetic recombination technology. Examples include the whole‐cell vaccines H99γ, sgl1∆, fbp1∆, znf2oe, cda1/2/3∆, cap59∆, and cap60∆. Some of these whole‐cell vaccines were found to be highly effective in prolonging life and suppressing the fungal burden after an infection challenge in mice, and to be cross‐reactive to C. neoformans, C. gattii, and other fungal pathogens. Furthermore, for some vaccines, the protective effect can be retained even in an immunocompromised host depleted of CD4+ T cells. These findings have provided new insights into protective immunity that should aid in vaccine development. In this review, we highlight the upsides and downsides of whole‐cell vaccines against cryptococcosis.

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“…58) In early research, wild-type capsular strains, spontaneous mutants, and mutants generated with random mutagenesis were used for vaccination, and every approach prolonged survival rates after infection challenge. [59][60][61][62][63][64] More recently, the following strains have been constructed using the gene-targeting approach and used for immunization: C. neoformans interferon-γ (IFN-γ)expressing strain (H99γ); ZNF2 overexpression strain; ∆sgl1 strain; ∆cda1/2/3 strain; ∆cap59 strain; and C. gattii ∆cap60 strain. 14,53,[65][66][67][68] Interestingly, all groups immunized with C. neoformans recombinants had significantly improved survival rates when challenged with highly virulent C. gattii as well as with C. neoformans.…”

Section: Mannoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines and Protective Immune Memory against Cryptococcosis

Ueno

Yanagihara

Shimizu

et al. 2020

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease caused by fungal pathogens including Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex. These fungal pathogens live in the environment and are associated with certain tree species and bird droppings. This infectious disease is not contagious, and healthy individuals may contract cryptococcal infections by inhaling the airborne pathogens from the environment. Although cleaning a contaminated environment is a feasible approach to control environmental fungal pathogens, prophylactic immunization is also considered a promising method to regulate cryptococcal infections. We review the history of the development of cryptococcal vaccines, vaccine components, and the various forms of immune memory induced by cryptococcal vaccines.

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Immunization of Mice with a Mutant of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Epitope-Based Immunoinformatic Approach on Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein Complex of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii

Epitope-Based Immunoinformatic Approach on Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein Complex of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii

Promising whole‐cell vaccines against cryptococcosis

Vaccines and Protective Immune Memory against Cryptococcosis

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