Immuno‐ and cytochemical characterization of congenital leukemia: A case report

Abstract

Congenital leukemia (CL) is a rare disorder, which usually presents as a myelocytic leukemia based on morphological features. Very few reports include data on cyto- or immunochemical parameters. A case of CL with detailed description of immunochemical, cytochemical features, and colony formation properties of the progenitor cells is reported. This leukemia was classified as an M4 in FAB classification based on the morphological features and special stains. Two different cell populations were identified by flow cytometry. One consisted of small cells expressing early T- and early B-cell associating antigens as well as early myeloid-associated antigens, but not CD10 (CALLA antigen), which is normally present in cord blood lymphocytes. The other was a population of large cells expressing myeloid-associated antigens and a pan-T-antigen. The growth pattern of hematopoietic progenitors in the patient was compatible with both acute myeloid and acute lymphatic leukemia as well as erythroleukemia.

Neonatal leukaemia

“…Overall, central nervous system (CNS) infiltration is reported in around 50% of all cases and manifests with a bulging fontanelle, papilloedema and retinal haemorrhages as well as a reduced level of consciousness (which can also be due to leucostasis associated with hyperleucocytosis). Babies with hyperleucocytosis can also have respiratory distress with hypoxia and acidosis, cardiac failure and renal failure (Weis et al , ; Heikenheimo et al , ; Ferguson et al , ; Van Dongen et al , ).…”

Congenital leukaemia: the Dutch experience and review of the literature

“…A Medline search for English language papers on congenital and neonatal leukaemia between 1975 and 2000 was carried out. A total of 102 patients with congenital leukaemia, as defined by the diagnostic criteria stated above, were identified (Abe et al, 1983;Allan et al, 1989;Badhe & Sane, 1992;Bastard et al, 1985;Benedict et al, 1979;Bernstein et al, 1984;Bernstein et al, 1987;Brissette et al, 1996;Campbell et al, 1997;Carney et al, 1992;Chu et al, 1983;Clark et al, 1984;Dinulos et al, 1997;Djernes et al, 1976;Embon et al, 1995;Fernandez et al, 1999;Francis et al, 1989;Fugazza et al, 1992;Gale & Toledano, 1984;Gale et al, 1986;Garewal et al, 1993;Gilgenkrantz et al, 1983;Gottesfeld et al, 1989;Gray et al, 1986;Hagemeijer et al, 1981;Hanada et al, 1991;Hara et al, 1984;Hayashi et al, 1985;Hazani et al, 1993;Heikinheimo et al, 1994;Huret et al, 1993;Irwin & Campbell, 1978;Isaacs, 1987;Jadhav et al, 1988;Kojima et al, 1989;Kurosawa et al, 1987;Kushwaha et al, 1977;Lampkin et al, 1985;Las-Heras et al, 1986;…”

“…A Medline search for English language papers on congenital and neonatal leukaemia between 1975 and 2000 was carried out. A total of 102 patients with congenital leukaemia, as defined by the diagnostic criteria stated above, were identified (Abe et al , 1983; Allan et al , 1989; Badhe & Sane, 1992; Bastard et al , 1985; Benedict et al , 1979; Bernstein et al , 1984; Bernstein et al , 1987; Brissette et al , 1996; Campbell et al , 1997; Carney et al , 1992; Chu et al , 1983; Clark et al , 1984; Dinulos et al , 1997; Djernes et al , 1976; Embon et al , 1995; Fernandez et al , 1999; Francis et al , 1989; Fugazza et al , 1992; Gale & Toledano, 1984; Gale et al , 1986; Garewal et al , 1993; Gilgenkrantz et al , 1983; Gottesfeld et al , 1989; Gray et al , 1986; Hagemeijer et al , 1981; Hanada et al , 1991; Hara et al , 1984; Hayashi et al , 1985; Hazani et al , 1993; Heikinheimo et al , 1994; Huret et al , 1993; Irwin & Campbell, 1978; Isaacs, 1987; Jadhav et al , 1988; Kojima et al , 1989; Kurosawa et al , 1987; Kushwaha et al , 1977; Lampkin et al , 1985; Las‐Heras et al , 1986; Lasson & Goos, 1981; Liang et al , 1986; Liang et al , 1993; Lilleyman, 1980; Matamoros et al , 1994; Mayer et al , 1995; McCoy et al , 1995; Monpoux et al , 1996; Mori et al , 1997; Muchi et al , 1985; Odom & Gordon, 1984; Ohyashiki et al , 1988; Raney et al , 1979; Rechavi et al , 1988; Resnik & Brod, 1993; Ridge et al , 1995; Sainati et al , 1996; Sait et al , 1988; Seo et al , 1986; Shah et al , 1984; Shimizu et al , 1987; Shimizu et al , 1989; Shitara et al , 1992; Silberstein et al , 1979; Simon et al , 1984; Sippe, 1981; Spier et al ...…”

Congenital leukaemia with a mixed phenotype of megakaryoblasts and erythroblasts: a case report and characterization of the blasts

“…As has been described previously, congenital leukaemia is a heterogenous group of diseases with regard to the cellular origin (Heikinheimo et al, 1994;McCoy & Overton, 1995). The case described here is a rare leukaemia presenting a mixed phenotype of megakaryoblasts and erythroblasts.…”