Immuno-regulatory and anti-inflammatory actions of phycocyanin on Caco-2/U937 cells co-culture as a model of the intestinal barrier

Abstract

Background: Phycocyanin, a photosynthetic pigment protein of cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis, has been used as a health or functional food because of its health promoting and medicinal effects such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects.Methods: Under the co-culture system using a human colorectal cancer cell line, Caco-2 cells, and differentiated U937 macrophages in the presence of sodium butyrate (SB) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), immune-regulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of phycocyanin were examined.Results: Phycocyanin attenuated a certain damage in the tight junction of co-cultured Caco-2 cells induced by LPS in the presence of SB, and suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 and conversely enhanced TGF-β1 productions. Phagocytic and bactericidal abilities of the differentiated U937 cells were also regulated under the co-cultivation.Conclusions: Phycocyanin contributes to protecting against inflammation and to regulating macrophages in the mucosal immune responses partly through release of cytokines in the presence of butyrate.Keywords: Spirulina, phycocyanin, Caco-2 cells, U937 cells, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1

The Potential Anti-inflammatory Effect of Spirulina Platensis on an in Vitro Model of Celiac Disease

“…It reduced body weight, improved the composition of the gut microbiota, lowered inflammation, and restored normal gut permeability [28]. Phycocyanin exhibited immune-regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by preserving the integrity of intestinal cells and modulating cytokine production in a co-culture system involving Caco-2 cells and macrophages [29]. S. platensis showed protective effects against ulcerative colitis by reducing inflammation markers and improving disease parameters in a rat model.…”

Microalgal bioactive metabolites as promising implements in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals: inspiring therapy for health benefits

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Exploitation of In Vivo-Emulated In Vitro System in Advanced Food Science

“…regulated intestinal operational physiological function by enhancing tight junctions and inhibiting inflammation of the intestines . Other immune cells such as DC cells, autologous T-cells, the human monocytes THP-1 cell line, the human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cell line, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), B-cells and so on have also been used to elucidate the anti-inflammatory abilities of Sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols (derived from brown alga Turbinaria ornate ), resistant starches, Cudrania atrigelate fruits vinegar, phycocyanin and Ganoderma atrum polysaccharides. ,− …”