Immunobiology of the Mammary Gland

Sordillo, Lorraine M.; Shafer‐Weaver, Kimberly; DeRosa, David C.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76121-6

Cited by 430 publications

(378 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In the mammary gland, the GM-CSF factor activates macrophages and neutrophils [33] and improves chemotactic action and peroxidase production from neutrophils [19], whilst interleukin-2 enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and participates in the initial immune response in the mammary gland [18,66], therefore, playing a role in the defence mechanisms of the mammary gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teat disorders predispose ewes to clinical mastitis after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica

et al. 2006

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-In order to study the effects of sheep teat disorders on the protection of the mammary gland, we used a Mannheimia haemolytica isolate, which did not cause clinical mastitis when deposited into intact teats. In the first experiment, this was deposited into the duct of teats with orf (Group A, n = 5) or papilloma (Group B, n = 3). In the second, teats were chapped and then, the organism was deposited into the duct (Group C, n = 7) or on the skin (Group D, n = 4). Ewes with healthy teats were controls (Group E, deposition into duct, n = 5; Group F, deposition on skin, n = 2). The ewes in Groups A, B or C developed clinical mastitis 5 h later, whilst the ewes in Group D developed it 2 d later; no control ewe developed clinical mastitis. In ewes with teat lesions, the organism was isolated from secretion samples and the California Mastitis Test became positive 5 h after challenge; neutrophils and lymphocytes were seen in Giemsa-stained secretion films from Group A or B ewes, whilst macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in films from Group C or D ewes; neutrophils were predominating in films from Group E or F ewes. Inside the teats of Group A, B, C or D ewes, folds, hyperaemia and mucosal thickness were seen; histologically, subepithelial leucocytic infiltration was seen. In Group A or B ewes, no evidence of lymphoid tissue at the teat duct-cistern border was found. In Group C or D ewes, intense erosion and ulceration of the teat skin and conspicuous lymphoid tissue at the teat duct-cistern border, were evident; lesions characteristic of haemorrhagic mastitis were in the mammary parenchyma. In control ewes, subepithelial leucocytic infiltration in the teat duct and lymphoid tissue as above, were evident. We postulate that teat lesions can be predisposing factor to mastitis, by adversely affecting defences and speeding the process of infection and making it more severe. mastitis / sheep / teat / predisposing factor / orf

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teat disorders predispose ewes to clinical mastitis after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica

et al. 2006

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“…Specific immunity consists of antibodies, macrophages (antigen-presenting cells) and T and B lymphocytes that recognize specific microorganisms (Sordillo et al, 1997). The T cells can be sub-divided into T-helper and T-cytotoxic lymphocytes.…”

Section: General Aspects Of the Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cytotoxic T cells recognize and eliminate cells infected with an antigen, and old or damaged immune cells that, if present, can increase the susceptibility to infections. The B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies or immunoglobulins (Igs), that is, IgG 1 , IgG 2 and IgM, or memory cells (Sordillo et al, 1997). Both the innate and the specific immunity have a broad diversity of mechanisms.…”

Section: General Aspects Of the Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

Ingvartsen

Moyes

2013

Animal

267

214

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The large increase in milk yield and the structural changes in the dairy industry have caused major changes in the housing, feeding and management of the dairy cow. However, while large improvements have occurred in production and efficiency, the disease incidence, based on veterinary records, does not seem to be improved. Earlier reviews have covered critical periods such as the transition period in the cow and its influence on health and immune function, the interplay between the endocrine system and the immune system and nutrition and immune function. Knowledge on these topics is crucial for our understanding of disease risk and our effort to develop health and welfare improving strategies, including proactive management for preventing diseases and reducing the severity of diseases. To build onto this the main purpose of this review will therefore be on the effect of physiological imbalance (PI) on immune function, and to give perspectives for prevention of diseases in the dairy cow through nutrition. To a large extent, the health problems during the periparturient period relate to cows having difficulty in adapting to the nutrient needs for lactation. This may result in PI, a situation where the regulatory mechanisms are insufficient for the animals to function optimally leading to a high risk of a complex of digestive, metabolic and infectious problems. The risk of infectious diseases will be increased if the immune competence is reduced. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the immune response and the effect of nutrition may be directly through nutrients or indirectly by metabolites, for example, in situations with PI. This review discusses the complex relationships between metabolic status and immune function and how these complex interactions increase the risk of disease during early lactation. A special focus will be placed on the major energetic fuels currently known to be used by immune cells (i.e. glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glutamine) and how certain metabolic states, such as degree of negative energy balance and risk of PI, contribute to immunosuppression during the periparturient period. Finally, we will address some issues on disease prevention through nutrition.

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“…During the development of mastitis, in the cow as well as in the sow, it has been shown that the proinflammatory cytokines not only provide defence against bacterial infections, but also contribute to the clinical symptoms of disease [5,30,44,46,49,50,59]. For instance, it has been established that IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α play a role in the initiation of the inflammatory responses following intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli [6,45,48,59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric analysis of proinflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows suggests an association between clinical mastitis and local production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha

et al. 2007

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-Twelve healthy primiparous sows received intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli (serotype O127) during the 24-h period preceding parturition. Mammary gland biopsy samples were taken immediately before inoculation (0 h) and from the inoculated and the contralateral noninoculated glands 24 h after inoculation. The analyses of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by immunohistochemistry revealed that the production of these proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis (affected group, n = 4) 24 h after inoculation. This was also true for IL-8 in the inoculated mammary glands of sows that did not develop clinical signs of mastitis (nonaffected group, n = 8). Sows that developed clinical signs of mastitis displayed significantly lower constitutive production of IL-1β than did sows that remained clinically healthy. The data indicate that the development of clinical symptoms of coliform mastitis in the sow is associated with a locally increased proinflammatory cytokine production in response to intramammary E. coli infection.cytokine / immunohistochemistry / mastitis / pig / E. coli

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Immunobiology of the Mammary Gland

Cited by 430 publications

References 77 publications

Teat disorders predispose ewes to clinical mastitis after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica

Teat disorders predispose ewes to clinical mastitis after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

Morphometric analysis of proinflammatory cytokines in mammary glands of sows suggests an association between clinical mastitis and local production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha

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