Immunochemical methods for the determination of mycotoxins

Abstract

The state-of-the-art immunochemical methods for the determination of mycotoxins are considered. Both instrumental (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polarization fluoroimmunoassay, and sensor devices) and noninstrumental methods are presented. The principles of particular methods are considered, and the examples of the use of these methods for the determination of mycotoxins from various groups in food products and animal feeds are given; the main lines of development are discussed

Antibody generation and immunoassay development in diverse formats for pyrimethanil specific and sensitive analysis

“…Since metabolism of pyrimethanil in plants is negligible 13 and the antibody is highly specific, accurate measurements and no interferences from degradation products can be expected in vegetable analysis. However, results would be more uncertain 5 with animal or environmental samples because metabolites and degradation products can exist.…”

“…Limits of quantification between 0.02 and 0.05 mg kg −1 were demonstrated for fruits and vegetables by such methods. 17 Those are highly powerful techniques for surveillance and control programs due to their low limits of detection and high capacity for multiresidue 5 analysis.…”

“…25 Particularly, immunochemical assays, which are based on the specific antibody-antigen interaction, have been developed for the analysis of a large list of chemical substances, including antibiotics, 1,2 hormones 3 , drugs of abuse, 4 mycotoxins, 5,6 pesticides, 7,8 packaging components, 9,10 industrial contaminants, 11 30 etc. Due to the haptenic character of those small chemical compounds, immunoassays need to be performed in competitive mode.…”

“…In one-step assays, each microwell received sequentially the three reagents: first, 50 µL of pyrimethanil standard solution in PBS; second, 25 µL of tracer conjugate in PBST; and third, 25 µL of antibody dilution in PBST. Signal was 5 developed and read as in other ELISA formats.…”

Development of Point-of-Care Testing Sensors for Biomarker Detection

“…These analytical techniques have been described and reviewed extensively in the literature. [52][53][54][55] Most of them are sensitive and specific, but suffer from being time consuming, laborious and multi-complex. In addition, these technologies are unaffordable to the farmers and some laboratories in the developing countries.…”