Immunocytochemical detection of ricin. I. Preliminary immunofluorescence studies

Cmiech, Helena A.; Morley, Michael E.; Gee, David

doi:10.1007/bf01004181

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…71,72 The clinical course may progress to multisystem organ failure. 5,6,8,71,72 Postmortem findings are consistent in case investigations and animal studies and include focal hemorrhage in the intestines, brain, myocardium, and pleura. 9,51,67,71,72 Lymph nodes, kidneys, and intestines may also demonstrate necrosis, hemorrhage, and edema.…”

Section: Cleavage Of a And B Chainsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…5,6 Ricin is being studied for therapeutic use in cancer chemotherapy, in bone marrow transplantation, and in cell-based research. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Experimental evidence suggests that malignant cells are more susceptible to ricin toxicity because they express more carbohydrate-containing surfacelectin binding sites than do nonmalignant cells. [9][10][11] Antibody-conjugated ricin targets cancer cells and has been investigated as an immunotherapeutic agent.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesis Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11] Antibody-conjugated ricin targets cancer cells and has been investigated as an immunotherapeutic agent. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Castor Beans. The beans are oblong and light brown, mottled with dark brown spots ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Evidence Synthesis Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ricin Poisoning

Audi¹,

Belson²,

Patel³

et al. 2005

JAMA

567

292

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ROWING AWARENESS AND concern about ricin, a potent biologic toxin, as a possible terrorist weapon has necessitated a comprehensive review of this poison. 1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorizes ricin as a Category B agent (second-highest priority), as it is moderately easy to disseminate, resulting in low mortality but moderate to high morbidity, and requires specific enhancement of the CDC's diagnostic and disease surveillance capacity. 2 Such agents are not routinely encountered, so heightened awareness in the health care community and a strong public health infrastructure are necessary for detection and response. We therefore have summarized the literature on ricin poisoning and provided recommendations for clinicians and public health professionals dealing with a ricin attack against a civilian population. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Using PubMed, we searched MEDLINE and OLDMEDLINE databases from January 1950 to August 2005 using the keywords ricin, ricinus communis, ricinine, plant toxins, castor beans, castor dust, and castor oil. Keywords were used alone and with the modifiers toxicity, poisoning, diagnosis, clinical effects, treatment , warfare, chemical terrorism, and weapon. The Chemical and Biological Information Analysis Center (http: //www.cbiac.apgea.army.mil) database was searched for historical and military literature related to ricin tox-CME available online at www.jama.com Context The recent discoveries of ricin, a deadly biologic toxin, at a South Carolina postal facility, a White House mail facility, and a US senator's office has raised concerns among public health officials, physicians, and citizens. Ricin is one of the most potent and lethal substances known, particularly when inhaled. The ease with which the native plant (Ricinus communis) can be obtained and the toxin extracted makes ricin an attractive weapon. Objectives To summarize the literature on ricin poisoning and provide recommendations based on our best professional judgment for clinicians and public health officials that are faced with deliberate release of ricin into the environment. Literature Acquisition Using PubMed, we searched MEDLINE and OLDMEDLINE databases (January 1950-August 2005). The Chemical and Biological Information Analysis Center database was searched for historical and military literature related to ricin toxicity. Book chapters, unpublished reports, monographs, relevant news reports, and Web material were also reviewed to find nonindexed articles. Results Most literature on ricin poisoning involves castor bean ingestion and experimental animal research. Aerosol release of ricin into the environment or adulteration of food and beverages are pathways to exposure likely to be exploited. Symptoms after ingestion (onset within 12 hours) are nonspecific and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain and may progress to hypotension, liver failure, renal dysfunction, and death due to multiorgan failure or cardiovascular collapse. Inhalation (onset of symptoms is likely within 8 hou...

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Section: Cleavage Of a And B Chainsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Evidence Synthesis Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ricin Poisoning

Audi¹,

Belson²,

Patel³

et al. 2005

JAMA

567

292

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The development of immunochemical methods faces the problem of how to produce antibodies to these extremely toxic compounds. This can be done by using formalin toxoided (inactivated) ricin (Cmiech et al, 1985) and on this basis a number of more sensitive immunochemical assays for ricin have been developed, starting with the radioimmunoassay developed by Ramakrishnan et al (1982) and the early developments within ELISA by Koja et al, (1980). These methods were succeeded by a number of more sensitive ELISA methods (Griffiths et al, 1986;Leith et al, 1988).…”

Section: Biological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ricin (from Ricinus communis) as undesirable substances in animal feed - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

2008

EFSA Journal

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Ricin is a toxic glycoprotein (with several minor variants) belonging to the type II group of ribosome inactivating proteins (type II RIP) found in the seeds (beans) of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae)). It is composed of two polypeptide chains of approximately 30 kDa joined by a disulfide bond. A limited number of other plants in the same family contain type II RIPs, i.a. subtropical leguminous climber Abrus precatorius L. and, Croton 1 For citation purposes: Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on ricin (from Ricinus communis) as undesirable substances in animal feed.

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Immunocytochemical detection of ricin. II. Further studies using the immunoperoxidase method

1986

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Radio-iodinated ricin was injected into rat muscle in vivo to establish the distribution of the toxin at various time intervals after injection. Injection site muscle and para-aortic lymph nodes were selected for localization of ricin by the immunoperoxidase technique. Sections of snap-frozen tissues were fixed using a variety of methods to establish the best protocol for the immunodetection method. This was found to be with an ether-ethanol mixture. Ricin was detected in tissue at the site of injection taken from rats sacrificed 1, 4, 8 and 24 h after injection and in tissue from animals dying from ricin intoxication after about 30 h. This method, however, failed to demonstrate unequivocally the presence of ricin in lymphoid tissue which had been indicated by the radiotracer study. The significance of these findings and their relevance to forensic diagnosis are discussed.

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Immunocytochemical detection of ricin. I. Preliminary immunofluorescence studies

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Ricin Poisoning

Ricin Poisoning

Ricin (from Ricinus communis) as undesirable substances in animal feed - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

Immunocytochemical detection of ricin. II. Further studies using the immunoperoxidase method

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