IMMUNOEXPRESSION OF p53 PROTEIN AND PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN IN PENILE CARCINOMA

Martins, Antônio Carlos Pereira; Faria, Simone Aparecida dos Santos Conceição; Cologna, Adauto José; Suaid, Haylton Jorge; Tucci, Sílvio

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65389-x

Cited by 76 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A similar result was demonstrated by Martins et al [40], in which a positive rate of p53 correlated with T stage, histological grade, lymphatic spread, and poorer cancerspecific survival.…”

Section: Proliferative Index and Cell Cyclesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Basaloid carcinomas showed higher proliferation index than verrucous carcinoma. Previously, Martins et al [40] associated high proliferative index as measured by PCNA with the likelihood of developing lymph node metastasis, but were unable to correlate their findings with histological grade. Guimaraes et al [41] showed that the high proliferative index (over 50% of stained cells) measured by PCNA strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis in univariate analysis, but it was not an independent factor for recurrence and survival.…”

Section: Proliferative Index and Cell Cyclementioning

confidence: 90%

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Penile Cancer: Epidemiology and Treatment

et al. 2011

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Penile cancer is an aggressive disease, with major psychological and social impact. The etiological factors are poor genital hygiene, the presence of phimosis, viral infection, ultraviolet radiation, smoking, balanitis xerotic obliterans, and chronic lichen. Identifying prognostic factors is important to select patients at risk for lymph node metastasis and avoid unneeded lymphadenectomy. The presence of lymph node metastasis is currently the strongest prognostic factor but its evaluation is imperfect using clinical and laboratorial methods. The treatment for invasive penile cancer is based on the treatment of primary tumor, usually with amputation and regional lymphadenectomy, treatments that have a high morbidity rate.

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“…A similar result was demonstrated by Martins et al [40], in which a positive rate of p53 correlated with T stage, histological grade, lymphatic spread, and poorer cancerspecific survival.…”

Section: Proliferative Index and Cell Cyclesupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Proliferative Index and Cell Cyclementioning

confidence: 90%

Penile Cancer: Epidemiology and Treatment

et al. 2011

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“…348 Pelvic lymph nodes involvement has a worse prognosis, with a 5-year survival of less than 5%. 330 Other predictors of a higher risk of tumor progression include the depth of infiltration of the primary tumor, the presence of vascular invasion, 358 the degree of cell differentiation, 359 and p53 overexpression in tumoral tissue, 360,361 whereas the presence of HPV infection does not seem to be of any prognostic value. 362,363 After treatment, patients with penile carcinoma should be adequately followed up for at least 3 years to promptly detect any relapses, which occur mostly during the first 12 to 18 months after diagnosis.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile cancer

Micali

Nasca

Innocenzi

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

116

118

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“…Expression of p53 is closely related to p16 expression (p21 pathway), and expression of both tumor suppressor genes is partly influenced by the same regulators [1,2]. Since strong expression of p53 has been shown to be associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in penile carcinomas [36,37], we additionally examined the expression of p53, searched for allelic losses and mutations in the p53 gene, and compared p53 expression to HPV status, LOH in 9p21, and p16 expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in the tumor suppressor gene p16 INK4A are associated with aggressive behavior of penile carcinomas

Poetsch¹,

Hemmerich²,

Kakies

et al. 2010

Virchows Arch

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Alterations in the p16/cyclinD1/Rb and ARF/Mdm2/p53 pathways are frequent events in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas. Different mechanisms of p16 regulation have been described for penile carcinomas so far. Therefore, expression of p16 and p53 was immunohistochemically detected with monoclonal antibodies in 52 primary invasive penile squamous cell carcinomas. The carcinomas were analyzed for allelic loss (LOH) in p16(INK4A) and p53, as well as for mutations in the p16(INK4A) and the p53 gene. In addition, we examined the promoter status of p16(INK4A) by methylation-specific PCR. The presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) 6/11, HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA was analyzed by PCR. Data were compared to clinical data. Concerning p16, 26 (50%) tumors showed positive immunohistochemistry, 32 (62%) tumors showed allelic loss and 22 tumors (42%) showed promoter hypermethylation. All tumors with negative p16 immunohistochemistry showed LOH near the p16(INK4A) locus and/or hypermethylation of the p16(INK4A) promoter. HPV 16 DNA was detected in 17 tumors, ten of them with positive p16 immunostaining. The remaining seven tumors with negative p16 staining showed allelic loss and/or promoter hypermethylation. Evidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly associated with negative p16 immunohistochemistry as well as with combined LOH and promoter hypermethylation (p = 0.003 and p = 0.018, respectively). Allelic loss around p53 was found in 22 tumors (42%), and seven mutations of the p53 gene could be demonstrated in our tumors. No correlations could be found between any p53 alteration and clinical parameters.

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IMMUNOEXPRESSION OF p53 PROTEIN AND PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN IN PENILE CARCINOMA

Cited by 76 publications

References 14 publications

Penile Cancer: Epidemiology and Treatment

Penile Cancer: Epidemiology and Treatment

Penile cancer

Alterations in the tumor suppressor gene p16 INK4A are associated with aggressive behavior of penile carcinomas

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