Immunogenetics of Hashimoto's and Graves5 Diseases

Abstract

Haplotypes of the human major histocompatibility complex (HLA) and the immunoglobulin allotype (Gm) were analyzed in all 243 members of 37 families in which 2 or more first degree relatives had Graves' disease. In 10 families with 70 members where 1 or more first degree relatives had Hashimoto's disease, 26 (37%) had Graves' disease, and 14 (20%) had Hashimoto's disease. In the other 27 families, consisting of 173 members, 70 (40%) had Graves' disease, and none had Hashimoto's disease. The disease-associated haplotypes of HLA and Gm for each family were identified by determining the haplotypes concordant in 2 members with Graves' disease. In 10 families with Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases, all 14 members with Hashimoto's disease had the same disease-associated haplotypes of both HLA and Gm as had members with Graves' disease in each family. Among 96 members with Graves' disease in 37 families, 74 were used for the determination of the disease-associated haplotypes. In the remaining 22 members with Graves' disease, 21 had both disease-associated haplotypes in their families. Our findings in these families suggest that 1) in Hashimoto's disease as in Graves' disease, two genes linked to HLA and Gm, respectively, control the susceptibility of the disease; 2) common immunogenetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of both Hashimoto's and Graves' disease, and 3) those who do not have immunogenetic factors are very unlikely to develop Hashimoto's or Graves' disease.

Risk factors and pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

“…Todėl galima daryti prielaidą, jog kai kurios skydliaukei specifinės T ląstelės neatpažįsta skydliaukės kaip savos, bet imunoreguliacinių veiksnių pakankamai kontroliuojamos. Ar pirminis šios kontrolės nepakankamumas gali turėti įtakos skydliaukės autoimuniteto atsiradimui, nežinoma, nes autoimuninio atsako pradinėje fazėje tirti ligonius yra sudėtinga (13).…”

Decreases in αβ T cell receptor negative T cells and CD8 cells, and an increase in CD4 +CD8+ cells in active Hashimoto's disease and subacute thyroiditis

“…The causes of these dilTerent changes are unknown; identical twins may each develop one of these diseases [5). and the same can be true for close relatives or other persons wilh similar genetic backgrounds {wilh partly identical HLA and Gm hapiotypes; (6]), Many studie.s of the changes in lymphocyte subsets in autoimmune thyroid disease have been reported [7][8][9]. but Ihere is no report Correspondence: Yoshinori Iwatani.…”

The Prevalence of Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies among Patients with Thyroid Swelling with Reference to FNAC and Thyroid Hormones

“…Most of studies show detection of anti TPO antibody has high specificity for auto immune thyroid disorder patient and the presence of anti TPO antibody has been noted in early auto immune thyroid disorder patient [8] . Auto immune thyroid disorder is one of common cause for hypothyroidism; it also plays a important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid swelling.…”