Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccines in Iranian pre-school children, a randomized controlled trial

Zarei, Sadegh; Jeddi-Tehrani, Mahmood; Akhondi, Mohammad Mehdi; Zeraati, Hojjat; Ferydonfar, Amir Ali; Nasernia, Jalaledin; Tavangar, Banafsheh; Shokri, Fazel

doi:10.4161/hv.24093

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…According to manufacturer guideline, an antitoxin concentration ≥0.1 IU/mL was considered as protective level of antibody. Tetanus antitoxin levels less than 0.1 IU/ml were considered to denote susceptibility [11,12]. The sensitivity of ELISA kit was 0.004 IU/ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current recommendation of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is to administrate the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) at ages 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months with a booster at 4-6 years [8]. In Iran, immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis has been applied since 1950 using a local vaccine manufactured by Razi Institute (Razi-DTwP) [11,12]. In most countries, booster immunization of diphtheria and tetanus is recommended to be performed every 10 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

Jafarzadeh

Shabani

Hassanabadi

et al. 2012

JOHE

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Received: February 2013, Accepted: October 2013 Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked with the suppression of immune responses and increased susceptibility to numerous infections in humans. Tetanus is also a major public health problem in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of antitetanus toxin antibodies in cigarette smoking and healthy non-smoking people. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cigarette smokers and 100 age-matched healthy nonsmoker individuals were enrolled in this descriptive study. A blood sample was collected from each participant. The samples were tested for the levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies by use of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The seroprotective rate of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group (99%) was significantly higher than that observed in cigarette smoking group (78%, P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group (5.32± 0.26 IU/ml) was also significantly higher than that in smoker subjects (1.03 ± 0.16 IU/ml; P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with smoking duration >10 years was significantly lower than that among smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (0.59 ± 0.12 IU/ml vs 1.98 ± 0.41 IU/ml; P<0.001). The seroprotection rate was also significantly lower in persons with smoking duration >10 years in comparison to smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (72.1% vs 90.6%; P=0.037). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with daily smoking >10 cigarettes was also significantly lower in comparison to smokers with daily smoking ≤10 cigarettes (0.68 ± 0.15 IU/ml vs 1.63 ± 0.36 IU/ml; P<0.001). Conclusion: These results showed lower levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in cigarette smokers which represents cigarette smoking as a risk factor for susceptibility to tetanus. A negative association was also observed between the immunity to tetanus and smoking burden.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

Jafarzadeh

Shabani

Hassanabadi

et al. 2012

JOHE

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“…Since these students had received the second booster dose of pertussis vaccine when they were 4-6 years old, the levels of pertussis antibodies were lower than expected. In one study from Turkey, 48.3% of children aged 4-6 years were positive for pertussis antibodies (5), but in most studies, including another study from the Islamic Republic of Iran, children in this age group had higher levels of pertussis antibodies (11,(14)(15)(16). Possible reasons for low levels of pertussis antibodies in a relatively short period after vaccination include the quality of vaccine, lack of cold-chain preservation and poor vaccine administration technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunization by the triple diphtheria, tetanus and whole-cell pertussis vaccine has been applied in the Islamic Republic of Iran since the 1950s (11,12). The vaccine is administered at the 2nd, 4th and 6th months of life, with booster doses at 18 months and between 4-6 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of pertussis antibodies in 6-17-year-old students in Ahvaz, south-west Islamic Republic of Iran

Shamsizadeh¹,

Nikfar²,

Yusefi³

et al. 2014

East Mediterr Health J

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Although pertussis is a vaccine-preventable infection, vaccine-induced immunity is not lifelong and booster doses are recommended according to national disease epidemiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate pertussis-IgG levels in school-aged students in Ahvaz, south-west Islamic Republic of Iran. In a descriptive, crosssectional study, blood samples were obtained from 640 students (382 boys and 258 girls) aged 6-17 years during 2010-2011. All students had received a full course of pertussis whole-cell vaccination at ages 2, 4, 6 and 18 months and 4-6 years. Using a Bordetella IgG ELISA kit, pertussis-IgG was detected in 301 (47.0%) students. No statistically significant differences in pertussis-IgG levels were found between girls and boys or across different age groups. The findings show that the overall level of pertussis-IgG seropositivity was unacceptable. Booster vaccination with an acellular pertussis vaccine should be considered in adolescents and/or adults in our region. ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫إيران‬ ‫مجهورية‬ ‫غرب‬ ‫بجنوب‬ ‫األهواز،‬ ‫يف‬

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“…Accordingly, spontaneous reports and results of randomized clinical trials do not provide sufficient data for vaccine safety databases [83]. On the other hand, vaccines are biological products and adverse events for a particular vaccine may vary from one manufacturer to another [84] and batch to batch variation in vaccine manufacturing is still remained a problem [85]. For these reasons, post marketing surveillance, follow up of medical reports and computerized claims databases for detection of possible new, unusual and rare vaccines adverse events, change in the frequency of known ones and in order to determine patient risk factors for special types of adverse events are essential [82][83].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Hepatitis B Vaccination As An Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Age Changing from Infancy and Childhood to Adolescence and Adulthood: An In-Dispensable Approach in Immunization Programs

Tafreshi¹

2016

J Infect Dis Ther

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Objectives: Despite the positive effects of vaccines on control of many infectious diseases, they are not completely safe. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the problems associated with newborns and infants immunization. Data Collection Method:For each subject, a review of electronic sources was carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar using appropriate key words.Results: For different reasons including: the differences between the immune systems of newborns/children and adults, sever adverse events and inefficacy of vaccines, deceptive advertising and inadequate parental awareness about vaccines and vaccination; newborns and children are at risk and accordingly a decline in public confidence is observed. Conclusion:The revision of vaccination age changing (at least for some vaccines) in order to maintain newborns/children's health and to prevent the return of infectious diseases is required. To achieve this goal, new retrospective and prospective studies to reassess the safety, efficacy, quality and protection duration of vaccines, proper implementation of good clinical practice, establishment of a network vaccine safety database by collaboration of international organizations, vaccine manufacturers and academic centers for sharing of information and enhancement of awareness of healthcare professionals and people about immunization at global level are needed.

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Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccines in Iranian pre-school children, a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

Seroprevalence of pertussis antibodies in 6-17-year-old students in Ahvaz, south-west Islamic Republic of Iran

Vaccination Age Changing from Infancy and Childhood to Adolescence and Adulthood: An In-Dispensable Approach in Immunization Programs

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