Immunogenicity and safety of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine as a booster dose in 12- to 18-month-old children primed with 3 doses of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Abstract

The current study examined the safety and immunogenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumo23® [PPV23], Sanofi Pasteur) as a booster dose in 12- to 18-month-old children primed with heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7; Prevnar®, Pfizer). This was a randomized, observer-blinded, 2-arm, controlled, multicenter phase III study performed in Thailand to assess and describe the immunogenicity and safety of PPV23 as a booster dose in children who had received the 3 primary doses of PCV7, the pneumococcal vaccine available during the study period. Children primed with 3 doses of PCV7 were randomized 1:1 to receive a booster immunization with PPV23 or PCV7. Pneumococcal antibody concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and functional antibody levels by multiplex opsonophagocytosis assay on day 30. A total of 339 children were enrolled. Geometric mean serum antibody concentrations against serotypes common to PCV7 and PPV23 (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) increased in both groups but they were higher for serotypes 4, 9V, 18C, and 19F in the PPV23 group. Opsonization indices increased in both groups for all measured serotypes (1, 6B, 14, 19A, and 23F) and were higher for serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F in the PCV7 group and for serotypes 1 and 19A in PPV23 group. Solicited reactions and unsolicited adverse events were similar in the 2 groups and generally mild and transient. No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported. These results confirm that boosting with PPV23 is immunogenic and well tolerated in healthy toddlers primed with PCV7.

Immunogenicity and Immune Memory after a Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Booster in a High-Risk Population Primed with 10-Valent or 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Papua New Guinean Children

“…This study confirms earlier findings that PPV is immunogenic and induces high levels of seroprotection when given under the age of 12 months to PCV-primed children in high-risk settings [8,19]. We also show that 14 months after vaccination, when PPV-induced IgG antibodies have waned, children can respond to a pneumococcal challenge by producing seroprotective levels of serotype specific IgG.…”

Measurement of Typhi Vi antibodies can be used to assess adaptive immunity in patients with immunodeficiency

“…Administration of Prevenar 13 increases the concentration of pneumococcal IgG before administration of Pneumovax II, which can decrease the Pneumovax II response in a serotype-specific manner [11], resulting in little change in concentration [20]. In addition, administration of Prevenar 13 has been shown to increase the antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytotic activity of antibodies specific to Pneumovax II serotypes [21]. Low baseline concentrations of Typhi Vi IgG antibodies shown in this study support the suggestion that Typhim Vi V R could be used to aid interpretation of the response to a polysaccharide antigen.…”

Effectiveness and practical uses of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in healthy and special populations

“…82 Using PPV23 as booster dose after completing a primary series of PCV has the advantage of eliciting a broader range of antibodies than PCV boosting. 83 Children with no history of PPV23 vaccination should receive PPV23 at least 8 weeks after the most recent dose of PCV. 84 Data concerning the safety and immunogenicity of PCV13 among high-risk children are still limited.…”