Immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity

Leeuwen, Leanne van; GeurtsvanKessel, Corine; Ellerbroek, Pauline M.; Bree, Godelieve J. de; Rutgers, Abraham; Jolink, Hetty; Veerdonk, Frank L. van de; Gorp, Eric C. M. Van; Wilt, Faye de; Bogers, Susanne; Gommers, Lennert; Bruns, Anke H. W.; Leavis, Helen L.; Haga, Jelle van; Lemkes, Bregtje A.; Veen, Annelou van der; Kruijff, Suzanne de; Paassen, Pieter van; Leeuw, Karina de; Ven, Annick van der; Verbeek, Petra; Wengen, Annelies van; Arend, Sandra M.; Ruten-Budde, Anja J.; Ent, Marianne van der; Hagen, Martin van; Sanders, Rogier W.; Grobben, Marloes; Straten, Karlijn van der; Burger, Judith A.; Poniman, Meliawati; Gils, Marit J. van; Vries, Rory D de; Dalm, Virgil A. S. H.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4001461

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…After the third dose, the differences in IFNgamma response were reported to be overall reduced compared to healthy controls, as described in recent reports [26,33,34].…”

Section: Cellular Responsesupporting

confidence: 60%

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in primary antibody deficiencies: an overview on efficacy, immunogenicity, durability of immune response and safety

Cusa,

Sardella,

Garzi

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of review This review aims to summarize the current best knowledge on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in vulnerable patients affected by primary antibody deficiencies (PADs), both in patients previously infected and vaccine-immunized, focusing also on the durability, on the need for multiple booster doses and on the safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Recent findings Patients vaccinated for SARS-CoV2 have variable humoral response, still showing a tendency towards an increase in antibody titers, with factors such as booster doses, previous infections, age and specific genetic mutations influencing the outcome. Long-lasting cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination instead, mostly of the T-cell type, have been observed. Overall, the duration of protection given by vaccinations is sufficient and increased upon further simulations. Furthermore, the safety profile in PID patients is excellent, with most adverse events being transient and mild and no major adverse event reported. Summary Several studies have emphasized the benefit of vaccinating patients with PADs against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the necessity of administering booster doses. This review, by gathering the most recent and significant data from the scientific literature, could be helpful in clinical practice in the management of disease prevention in patients affected by primary immunodeficiency and also serve as inspiration for further in-depth clinical research.

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“…After the third dose, the differences in IFNgamma response were reported to be overall reduced compared to healthy controls, as described in recent reports [26,33,34].…”

Section: Cellular Responsesupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Overall, the third dose increased the rate of responders (seroconverters) among CVID, albeit achieving a lower titer of anti-S and neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan strain when compared to healthy subjects [23 ▪ ,26].…”

Section: Humoral Responsementioning

confidence: 94%

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in primary antibody deficiencies: an overview on efficacy, immunogenicity, durability of immune response and safety

Cusa,

Sardella,

Garzi

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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“…Most research on COVID-19 vaccination among IDP focuses on seroconversion rates after the first two doses, overlooks inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), and assesses populations with homogeneous immunodeficiencies, thus limiting its generalizability (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Longitudinal studies evaluating antibody durability and characterizing the full effects of COVID-19 vaccination through 6 months after the third dose have been limited in IDP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA. 9 Section for Immunoengineering, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. 10 Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the antispike IgG immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with a wide variety of immunodeficiencies

Zendt,

Bustos Carrillo,

Kelly

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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Research on coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in immune-deficient/disordered people (IDP) has focused on cancer and organ transplantation populations. In a prospective cohort of 195 IDP and 35 healthy volunteers (HV), antispike immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in 88% of IDP after dose 2, increasing to 93% by 6 months after dose 3. Despite high seroconversion, median IgG levels for IDP never surpassed one-third that of HV. IgG binding to Omicron BA.1 was lowest among variants. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 pseudo-neutralization only modestly correlated with antispike IgG concentration. IgG levels were not significantly altered by receipt of different messenger RNA–based vaccines, immunomodulating treatments, and prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections. While our data show that three doses of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations induce antispike IgG in most IDP, additional doses are needed to increase protection. Because of the notably reduced IgG response to Omicron BA.1, the efficacy of additional vaccinations, including bivalent vaccines, should be studied in this population.

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“…Several studies have reported the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in IEI patients, but most only focused on 2 doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in adult patients with IEI, mainly common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). [9][10][11][12][13][14] Inactivated vaccines against COVID-19 such as CoronaVac are extensively used worldwide with more than 4 billion doses distributed, and differ in their ability to induce antibody and T cell responses compared to mRNA vaccines. 15 Moreover, children and adolescents respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination differently than adults, 16,17 and we previously reported that adolescents elicit higher antibody response to BNT162b2 and CoronaVac compared with adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Immunogenicity of 3 Doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in Children and Adults with Inborn Errors of Immunity

Leung

Duque

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Safety and immunogenicity of 3 doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in adult and pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) remain unknown. Intradermal vaccination may improve immunogenicity in immunocompromised patients. Our study (NCT04800133) aimed to determine the safety and immunogenicity in patients with IEIs receiving a 3-dose primary series of mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (age 12+) or inactivated whole-virion vaccine CoronaVac (age 3+) in Hong Kong, including Omicron BA.1 neutralization, in a nonrandomized manner. Intradermal vaccination was also studied. Methods Thirty-nine patients were vaccinated, including 16 with homologous intramuscular 0.3ml BNT162b2 and 17 with homologous intramuscular 0.5ml CoronaVac. Two patients received 3 doses of intradermal 0.5ml CoronaVac, and 4 patients received 2 doses of intramuscular BNT162b2 and the third dose with intradermal BNT162b2. Adverse reactions and adverse events were tracked for 7 and 28 days after each dose. Antibody responses assessed included binding IgG antibody to wild-type (WT) spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD IgG) and surrogate neutralization activity to WT and BA.1 viruses. T cell responses were examined by intracellular cytokine staining following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool(s). Results No safety concerns were identified. Inadequate antibody responses were found after 2 doses in patients with humoral immunodeficiencies and especially so against BA.1. Dose 3 of either vaccine increased S-RBD IgG response. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 antigens were detected in vaccinated IEI patients. Intradermal third dose vaccine led to high antibody response in 4 patients. Conclusions The primary vaccination series of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in adults and children with IEIs should include 3 doses for optimal immunogenicity.

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Immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in primary antibody deficiencies: an overview on efficacy, immunogenicity, durability of immune response and safety

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in primary antibody deficiencies: an overview on efficacy, immunogenicity, durability of immune response and safety

Characterization of the antispike IgG immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with a wide variety of immunodeficiencies

Safety and Immunogenicity of 3 Doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in Children and Adults with Inborn Errors of Immunity

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