Immunoglobulins in umbilical cord plasma. II. Congenital deformities, other abnormalities, and multiple pregnancies.

Thom, H.; Gray, D.

doi:10.1136/adc.42.223.264

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, it is remarkable that the mother, with her comparatively vast reservoir of IgG, is unable to compensate for any amount of fetal loss, especially when that loss from donor to recipient twin is in most cases occurring very gradually. The only mention of IgG levels in the fetofetal transfusion syndrome is that made by Yeung and Hobbs (1968 (McKay et al, 1968;Burdea et al, 1970) though the dizygotic cases cannot be explained in this way (McFarlane and Udeozo, 1968), as arteriovenous anastomoses found in the fetofetal trans-fusion syndrome occur exclusively in monochorionic placenta (Rausen et al, 1965).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there has been scant reference to immunoglobulin levels in multiple pregnancy. Several workers, in the course of wider studies, have specifically mentioned their findings in twins (McFarlane and Udeozo, 1968;McKay, Thom, and Gray, 1968;Yeung and Hobbs, 1968;Burdea et al, 1970;Hautala and Kunnas, 1970) but in most cases the numbers have been small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, their findings in a single case was in total contradiction to ours, and we have no explanation for this. Several authors have reported an occasional pair of twins with large IgG discrepancies at birth, and as no haemoglobin levels are given, some of these could have been cases of this syndrome (McKay et al, 1968;Burdea et al, 1970) though the dizygotic cases cannot be explained in this way (McFarlane and Udeozo, 1968), as arteriovenous anastomoses found in the fetofetal trans-fusion syndrome occur exclusively in monochorionic placenta (Rausen et al, 1965).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum immunoglobulins in multiple pregnancy.

Bryan¹,

Slavin²,

Nicholson³

1976

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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(1976). Archives The three cases of fetofetal transfusion syndrome were exceptional in the large difference between IgG concentrations in recipient and donor twins. The discrepancy was much greater than that found between the levels of proteins produced by the fetus, suggesting a disturbance in maternofetal placental transfer.IgM was detected in all cord sera, with one exception, and the level was not related to order of birth. IgA was detected in 16% of cord sera, 13% in sera from first borns. IgE was detected in only 8% of cord sera and there was no evidence of placental transfer.For several centuries it has been recognized that the human infant has a surprising resistance to some infections during the first months of life. That this is due to the transfer of immunity from mother to fetus was first shown by Fischl and Wundcheim (1895) when they isolated diphtheria antitoxin from human umbilical cord blood. Since then the subject of maternofetal transfer of immunity has been extensively studied and it is now well known that it is the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies which cross the placenta and that, in the human newborn, IgG is almost entirely of maternal origin. Much is still unknown about the regulation of maternofetal transfer of IgG and we hoped that further light might be shed on the subject by studying the pattern of immunoglobulins in multiple pregnancy. Our interest was further stimulated on finding a large intrapair difference in cord serum IgG concentration in 2 male infants suffering from the fetofetal transfusion syndrome (Bryan and Slavin, 1974).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum immunoglobulins in multiple pregnancy.

Bryan¹,

Slavin²,

Nicholson³

1976

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Effect of injected human immunoglobulins on fetal rat development. Spinal, neural and osseous changes

Kamrin

1972

Anat. Rec.

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Rabbit anti-rat-brain serum immunoglobulins injected into pregnant rats on the ninth, tenth, eleventh or twelfth day of gestation resulted in a fetal resorption rate 15 to 30 times higher than that found in normal untreated pregnant rats. Human serum immunoglobulins obtained from normal postpartum mothers produced a similar percentage of fetal resorption when injected by the same routes into pregnant rats of the same gestational age. In neither of the above experiments were malformations detected among the delivered 20-day fetuses. Injection of human serum immunoglobulins obtained from mothers of children with spina bifida manifesta into pregnant rats along similar routes and periods gave comparable fetal resorption rates. Injection of the above immunoglobulin into the lumen of the uterus adjacent to implantation sites gave a low fetal resorption rate and produced varying degrees of skeletal and soft tissue malformations among the viable survivors.The only difference which could be discerned between normal postpartum immunoglobulins and those obtained from mothers of spina bifida manifesta children was characterized in the latter by a two-fold increase in the IgG levels and the immunoelectrophoretic reactivity of its immunoglobulins with human spinal cord antigens, The developmental defects observed were: 1. Cranialthinning and bleb formation of skull bones; widening of the foramen magrium; descent of the obex closer to the foramen magnum. 2. Skeletal-delayed or inhibited calcification of the bodies and spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae; widening of the vertebral canal and central canal of the spinal cord.Alterations in the growth patterns of developing embryos and fetuses have been induced by exposing them to tissue antiserum. Brent et al. ('61) demonstrated that rabbit anti-rat kidney serum injected intravenously into pregnant rats on the eighth day of gestation resulted in severe skeletal congenital malformations in 100% of the fetuses. McCallion ('68) reported that rabbit anti-chicken brain serum placed on 33-hour incubated chick embryos and incubated for a further five to seven days resulteld in the formation of localized or generalized spina bifida in 10% of the surviving embryos. Kamrin ('70) reported that immunoglobulins from mothers of children with spina bifida manifesta produced lesions suggestive of spina bifida and the Arnold-Chiari syndrome when injected into rats on the tenth day of ges-ANAT. REC., 173: 173-180.tation. It is evident in all of these experiments that the exogenous immunoglobulins arrested or slowed the differentiation of somite cells to cartilage and their subsequent calcification. These experiments also appear to confirm the findings of Holtzer et al. ('55, '61, '68) that ( a ) using somite tissue taken from chick embryos and grown in the absence of spinal cord or notochord, the production of cartilage will be prevented; (b) cartilage could be induced to appear by the addition of embryonic intermediate somitic mesoderm (from which the kidney forms) and...

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Maturation of Cellular and Humoral Immunity

Muralt

1978

Perinatal Physiology

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Immunoglobulins in umbilical cord plasma. II. Congenital deformities, other abnormalities, and multiple pregnancies.

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Serum immunoglobulins in multiple pregnancy.

Serum immunoglobulins in multiple pregnancy.

Effect of injected human immunoglobulins on fetal rat development. Spinal, neural and osseous changes

Maturation of Cellular and Humoral Immunity

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