Immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the trigeminal ganglia of the crotaline snake Trimeresurus flavoviridis

Moon, Changjong; Terashima, Shin-Ichi; Ahn, Meejung; Kang, Jongchul; Shin, Taekyun

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02506-x

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, NADPH-d activity does not colocalize with NOS immunoreactivity in some regions [7,10,12]. Previously, constitutive neuronal NOS (nNOS) and NADPH-d reactivity were found in the TG of infrared-sensitive snakes, suggesting that they are involved in neurotransmission in the TG [7,10]. The endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), a constitutive NOS, ensures enzymatic production of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial and other cell types, such as retinal ganglion cells, vestibular hair cells, and astrocytes [4,5,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Reptilia, NOS isoforms identified in the turtle brain have conserved consensus sequences for NADPH binding sites [2]. However, NADPH-d activity does not colocalize with NOS immunoreactivity in some regions [7,10,12]. Previously, constitutive neuronal NOS (nNOS) and NADPH-d reactivity were found in the TG of infrared-sensitive snakes, suggesting that they are involved in neurotransmission in the TG [7,10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TG and brain were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. The pit membranes were also removed and stored in fixative at 4°C until immunohistochemical processing.Immunostaining of eNOS was performed as in a previous study [10]. For cell size and modality analyses, we used an immunofluorescence method and confocal microscopy (OLYMPUS FLUOVIEW ® , Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunostaining of eNOS was performed as in a previous study [10]. For cell size and modality analyses, we used an immunofluorescence method and confocal microscopy (OLYMPUS FLUOVIEW ® , Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sections were exposed to fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:50 dilution; Zymed Laboratories Inc, San Francisco, CA) and examined on a confocal microscope. The cross-sectional area of FITC-labeled cell bodies that contained the nuclear profiles was measured with FLU-OVIEW (version 2.0) software and recorded on glossy prints, as in our previous study [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Immunohistochemical Study of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Trigeminal Ganglia of a Crotaline Snake Trimeresurus flavoviridis

Moon

Terashima

Shin

2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. The immunoreactivity of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was studied in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of a crotaline snake, Trimeresurus flavoviridis. eNOS immunoreactivity was found in TG neurons of different sizes. The percentage of eNOS-positive TG neurons was significantly higher in the mandibular division than in the infrared-related divisions, the maxillary division and ophthalmic ganglion (p<0.001). These findings suggest that eNOS in the TG of crotaline snakes is involved in constitutive neurotransmission in the TG, and is minimally involved in processing in the infrared-sensory system. KEY WORDS: crotaline snake, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, trigeminal ganglion neuron.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(8): 1007-1009, 2004 Crotaline snakes possess a pair of pit organs that are infrared receptors. One pit organ is located on each side of the face, roughly midway between the nostril and the eye. Neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of these snakes transmit infrared sensory information from the pit organs to the central nervous system [8].Nitric oxide (NO) is believed to serve as a neurotransmitter or modulator in a number of different processes, it is synthesized from L-arginine via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) [1,3,11]. NOS and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry have provided powerful evidence that NO is synthesized in a number of specific groups of neurons and glial cells [4,6]. In the Reptilia, NOS isoforms identified in the turtle brain have conserved consensus sequences for NADPH binding sites [2]. However, NADPH-d activity does not colocalize with NOS immunoreactivity in some regions [7,10,12]. Previously, constitutive neuronal NOS (nNOS) and NADPH-d reactivity were found in the TG of infrared-sensitive snakes, suggesting that they are involved in neurotransmission in the TG [7,10]. The endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), a constitutive NOS, ensures enzymatic production of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial and other cell types, such as retinal ganglion cells, vestibular hair cells, and astrocytes [4,5,13]. However, little is known of the involvement of constitutive eNOS in the snake TG.This study examined the expression of eNOS in the maxillary, mandibular, and ophthalmic divisions of trigeminal ganglion neurons of an infrared-sensitive snake, Trimeresurus flavoviridis.Six crotaline snakes of both sexes weighing 400-700 g were used. The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane before being perfused through both carotid arteries with cold (4°C) snake Ringer's solution (0.81% NaCl, 0.022% KCl, 0.026% CaCl 2 ) and fixative containing 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). The TG and brain were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. The pit membranes were also removed and stored in fixative at 4°C until immunohistochemical processing.Immunostaining of eNOS was performed as in a previous study [10]. For cell size and modality analyses, we used an immunofluorescence method...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Immunohistochemical Study of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Trigeminal Ganglia of a Crotaline Snake Trimeresurus flavoviridis

Moon

Terashima

Shin

2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Phylogenesis of constitutively formed nitric oxide in non-mammals

Toda¹,

Ayajiki²

2006

Reviews of Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The role of nitric oxide in the regulation of the systemic and pulmonary vasculature of the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The functional role of nitric oxide (NO) was investigated in the systemic and pulmonary circulations of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus. Bolus, intra-arterial injections of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) caused a significant systemic vasodilatation resulting in a reduction in systemic resistance (Rsys). This response was accompanied by a significant decrease in systemic pressure and a rise in systemic blood flow. Pulmonary resistance (Rpul) remained constant while pulmonary pressure (Ppul) and pulmonary blood flow (Qpul) decreased. Injection of L-Arginine (L-Arg) produced a similar response to SNP in the systemic circulation, inducing an immediate systemic vasodilatation, while Rpul was unaffected. Blockade of NO synthesis via the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, did not affect haemodynamic variables in the systemic circulation, indicating a small contribution of NO to the basal regulation of systemic vascular resistance. Similarly, Rpul and Qpul remained unchanged, although there was a significant rise in Ppul. Via injection of SNP, this study clearly demonstrates that NO causes a systemic vasodilatation in the rattlesnake, indicating that NO may contribute in the regulation of systemic vascular resistance. In contrast, the pulmonary vasculature seems far less responsive to NO.

show abstract

Immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the trigeminal ganglia of the crotaline snake Trimeresurus flavoviridis

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Immunohistochemical Study of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Trigeminal Ganglia of a Crotaline Snake Trimeresurus flavoviridis

Immunohistochemical Study of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Trigeminal Ganglia of a Crotaline Snake Trimeresurus flavoviridis

Phylogenesis of constitutively formed nitric oxide in non-mammals

The role of nitric oxide in the regulation of the systemic and pulmonary vasculature of the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About