Immunohistochemical Cross-Reactivity Between Arthrographis kalrae and Highly Pathogenic Coccidioides posadasii, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Paracoccidioides Fungal Species

PCR と LAMP 法の組み合わせにより診断されたバンドウイルカ（<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>）と オキゴンドウ（<i>Pseudorca crassidens</i>）のクジラ型パラコクシジオイデス症

“…Following this, the samples were stained with hematoxylin (131-09665; Wako), sealed with Canadian balsam (192-16301; Wako), and examined under light microscopy. The serum titer against the fungal cells of P. cetii was 1,000-fold [5,[14][15][16][17].…”

“…In addition, a DNA sample derived from the fourth Japanese case in Pacific white-sided dolphin was used as a positive control for molecular analysis, and two DNA samples extracted from skin swabs of a healthy false killer whale and a Pacific white-sided dolphin stored in our laboratory were used as negative controls [7], while the fungal DNA extracted from to the Japanese first and second cases [5] and one serum sample from a Pacific white-sided dolphin infected with P. cetii corresponding to the Japanese third case [6] were used as positive controls and 5% skim milk (190-12865;Wako) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (167-14491; Wako: PBS) was used as negative control as the same as previous studies [14,15]. Briefly, the serum was diluted 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 50,000-fold in PBS containing 5% skim milk; the diluted serum was incubated with fungal cells at 4℃ for 16 hours, and the cells were washed three times with PBS.…”

“…It is important to take cross-reactivity with other fungal species, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, P. brasiliensis, Coccidioides spp., and Arthrographis kalrae into consideration when conducting surveys. However, in the Far East areas, such as Japan, the survey could ignore cross-reactions as human paracoccidioidomycosis and coccidioidomycosis do not exist in Japan, and there is no cross-reaction between H. capulatum and P. cetii in dolphins from these areas [14,15]. In this study, we applied serological reactions in surveys of nursing and stranded dolphins in Japan [16,17].…”

Re-Evaluation of the Cross-Reactions of the Antibody against the Causative Agent for Paracoccidioidomycosis Ceti; Paracoccidioides ceti and the Related Fungal Species

“…Diagnosis of PCM-C is based on clinical symptoms and the detection of typical round yeast cells arranged in chains or producing multiple buddings. Molecular biological and serological data serve as auxiliary methods for diagnosis [1,5,6]. These methods have aided in the epidemiology of PCM-C in nursing and wild dolphins [7,8].…”

“…infections in Asian countries [8,9]. Additionally, the effects of serological cross-reactions caused by Arthrographis karlae infections should not be disregarded [6]. However, the aforementioned serological cross-reactions have not been evaluated using pure antibodies against P. ceti.…”