Immunohistochemical observation of local inflammatory cell infiltration in the host-tissue reaction site of human hydatid cysts

Jafari, Rasool; Sanei, Behnam; Baradaran, Azar; Kolahdouzan, Mohsen; Bagherpour, Bahram; Darani, Hossein Yousofi

doi:10.1017/s0022149x1800024x

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Hydatid cysts, the larval stage of E. granulosus s.s. , are able to survive in host tissues for long periods of time, and the liver is the major site of CE involvement. The chronic infection induces an immune imbalance on the hepatic tissue, and gradually forms an immune microenvironment ( Jafari et al., 2019 ; Wen et al., 2019 ). The cellular distribution and functions of immune mediators in the liver are different from those in the periphery; analysis at the site of infection is thus important for deciphering anti- E. granulosus s.s. immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that T-cell-mediated responses play a key role in the immunology of hydatid cysts in both the mouse experimental model and CE patients ( Rogan, 1998 ; Yasen et al., 2021b ). Accumulated evidence has indicated that T lymphocytes are the predominant inflammatory cells at the site of local host responses to hydatid cysts in humans, cattle and sheep infected with CE ( Sakamoto and Cabrera, 2003 ; Vatankhah et al., 2015 ; Vismarra et al., 2015 ; Jafari et al., 2019 ). In our prior work, we also found that T cells were the most frequent infiltrating cells surrounding the hepatic CE lesions during the establishment phase in experimental mice (after 2 weeks) ( Li et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echinococcus granulosus: The establishment of the metacestode in the liver is associated with control of the CD4+ T-cell-mediated immune response in patients with cystic echinococcosis and a mouse model

Hou

Shi

Kang

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) caused a chronic infection, known as cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is a worldwide public health problem. The human secondary CE is caused by the dissemination of protoscoleces (PSCs) when fertile cysts are accidentally ruptured, followed by development of PSCs into new metacestodes. The local immune mechanisms responsible for the establishment and established phases after infection with E. granulosus s.l. are not clear. Here, we showed that T cells were involved in the formation of the immune environment in the liver in CE patients and Echinococcus granulosus sensu strict (E. granulosus s.s.)-infected mice, with CD4+ T cells being the dominant immune cells; this process was closely associated with cyst viability and establishment. Local T2-type responses in the liver were permissive for early infection establishment by E. granulosus s.s. between 4 and 6 weeks in the experimental model. CD4+ T-cell deficiency promoted PSC development into cysts in the liver in E. granulosus s.s.-infected mice. In addition, CD4+ T-cell-mediated cellular immune responses and IL-10-producing CD8+ T cells play a critical role in the establishment phase of secondary E. granulosus s.s. PSC infection. These data contribute to the understanding of local immune responses to CE and the design of new therapies by restoring effective immune responses and blocking evasion mechanisms during the establishment phase of infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus granulosus: The establishment of the metacestode in the liver is associated with control of the CD4+ T-cell-mediated immune response in patients with cystic echinococcosis and a mouse model

Hou

Shi

Kang

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Elevation of eosinophil count and percentage in patients was observed in our study. Considerable numbers of eosinophils could be recruited into the inflammatory site during the stage of initiation and even proliferation of hydatid [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of inflammatory parameters in patients with hepatic hydatid disease

Fan

Wang

et al. 2021

Annals of Medicine

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Background To the best of our knowledge, the association of inflammatory parameters with hepatic hydatid disease (HD) has not been investigated in a single study. We aimed to evaluate the potential value of inflammatory indices in this disorder. Methods The retrospective study including 114 patients was performed from January 2016 to November 2019. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data for all participants were collected and analysed. The levels of inflammatory parameters were compared in the patient and control group, the predictive value of these inflammatory parameters was assessed by the logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve, and differences between pre- and post-surgical operations were compared by pair tests. Results Significantly higher levels of platelet distribution width (PDW), eosinophil percentage (EOS %), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR) and alkaline phosphatase to platelet ratio (APPR) and lower levels of platelet (PLT) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were observed in patients than in controls. Multivariate analyses showed that hydatid could induce the abnormal levels of these parameters, of which APPR and PNI had more obvious changes as compared to other parameters. The levels of PDW and APPR significantly decreased after surgical treatment. Conclusions Inflammatory parameters closely associated with the hepatic HD could be used in the evaluation of treatment as assistant indexes. KEY MESSAGE Hydatid disease (HD) seriously endangers public health and economic development. Inflammatory parameters that are readily available and acceptable in routine clinical practice could be closely associated with HD. Inflammatory parameters could be used in the evaluation of disease development by combing with histological and radiological results in future studies.

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“…Thiacloprid caused a decrease in the number of eosinophils and neutrophils in the blood. Eosinophils are recognized as end-stage cells involved in protecting the host against parasitic infections [ 43 ]. Once the parasite dies or escapes host immunity, inflammation is mitigated [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of thiacloprid against Echinococcus multilocularis

Liu

Fan

et al. 2021

Parasites Vectors

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Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a chronic zoonosis caused by the larval form of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis). Current chemotherapy against AE has relied on albendazole and mebendazole, which only exhibit parasitostatic and not parasiticidal efficacy. Therefore, novel compounds for the treatment of this disease are needed. Methods Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) assays were used for compound screening of seven neonicotinoids. The anti-parasitic effects of thiacloprid were then evaluated on E. multilocularis metacestode vesicles, germinal cells and protoscoleces in vitro. Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) and Reuber rat hepatoma (RH) cells were used to assess cytotoxicity. Glucose consumption in E. multilocularis protoscoleces and germinal cells was assessed by measuring uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Molecular docking was used to evaluate the potential binding sites of thiacloprid to acetylcholine receptors. In vivo efficacy of thiacloprid was evaluated in mice by secondary infection with E. multilocularis. In addition, ELISA and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the effects of cytokines and T lymphocyte subsets after thiacloprid treatment. Furthermore, collagen deposition and degradation in the host lesion microenvironment were evaluated. Results We found that thiacloprid is the most promising compound, with an IC50 of 4.54 ± 1.10 μM and 2.89 ± 0.34 μM, respectively, against in vitro-cultured E. multilocularis metacestodes and germinal cells. Thiacloprid was less toxic for HFF and RH mammalian cell lines than for metacestodes. In addition, thiacloprid inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in protoscoleces, metacestodes and germinal cells. Thiacloprid inhibited glucose consumption by protoscoleces and germinal cells. Subsequently, transmission electron microscopy revealed that treatment with thiacloprid damaged the germinal layer. In vivo, metacestode weight was significantly reduced following oral administration of thiacloprid at 15 and 30 mg/kg. The level of CD4+ T lymphocytes in metacestodes and spleen increased after thiacloprid treatment. Anti-echinococcosis-related cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10) were significantly increased. Furthermore, thiacloprid inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs 1, 3, 9, 13) and promoted collagen deposition in the host lesion microenvironment. Conclusions The results demonstrated that thiacloprid had parasiticidal activity against E. multilocularis in vitro and in vivo, and could be used as a novel lead compound for the treatment of AE. Graphical abstract

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Immunohistochemical observation of local inflammatory cell infiltration in the host-tissue reaction site of human hydatid cysts

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Echinococcus granulosus: The establishment of the metacestode in the liver is associated with control of the CD4+ T-cell-mediated immune response in patients with cystic echinococcosis and a mouse model

Echinococcus granulosus: The establishment of the metacestode in the liver is associated with control of the CD4+ T-cell-mediated immune response in patients with cystic echinococcosis and a mouse model

Evaluation of inflammatory parameters in patients with hepatic hydatid disease

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of thiacloprid against Echinococcus multilocularis

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