Immunohistological analysis of gingival lymphocytes in adult periodontitis

Abstract

Inflammatory periodontal diseases are mediated by interactions between the dental plaque and the components of the host immune system. This study was designed to analyse the phenotypic properties of gingival lymphocytes in adult periodontitis. Biopsies were obtained from 12 patients and aged between 35 and 55 years. The tissues were processed for both histopathological and immunohistological examinations. Gingival tissue lymphocytes were identified using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies with the immunoperoxidase technique. All speciments revealed a significant degree of CD3( + ) cell infiltration beneath the pocket epithelium, which is located adjacent to the bacterial plaque, compared to that on the oral epithelial side. CD4( + ) and CD8( + ) cells were evenly distributed within these infiltrates. Numerous HLA-DR(-I-) cells were also noted. The majority of plasma cells in the central lamina propria bore IgG isotypes. These findings suggest that T-cell mediated regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of adult periodontitis.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Neopterin in Healthy Subjects and in Patients With Different Periodontal Diseases

“…It is believed that the measurement of neopterin in GCF might be useful for the diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of periodontal disease because it has been well documented that T cells, in addition to other inflammatory infiltrates, mediate the immunopathological events in periodontal disease 11 …”

“…10 It is believed that the measurement of neopterin in GCF might be useful for the diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of periodontal disease because it has been well documented that T cells, in addition to other inflammatory infiltrates, mediate the immunopathological events in periodontal disease. 11 It was found that biopterin and neopterin were detectable in the saliva of young males and females. 12 Later, it was suggested that the salivary neopterin concentration may reflect immune activation, even when no systemic activation can be detected.…”

Level of Neopterin, a Marker of Immune Cell Activation in Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva, and urine in Patients With Aggressive Periodontitis

“…12 It is thought that the determination of neopterin in saliva and in GCF might be useful for diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of periodontal diseases, since it has been well documented that T-cells, besides the other inflammatory infiltrates, mediate the immunopathological events in periodontal disease. 13 The present study was undertaken to determine urinary, salivary, and GCF neopterin levels in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and to compare the levels with those in healthy subjects. We also aimed to evaluate whether neopterin monitoring allows insight into the immunopathogenesis of the disease and to investigate if levels of this biomarker might reflect the extent of periodontal tissue destruction.…”

Herpesvirus infection of inflammatory cells in human periodontitis

“…Periodontitis is an infectious disease that involves specific bacteria ( 79) and characteristic humoral and cellular host responses ( 19, 24, 26). The connective tissue of inflamed periodontal sites reveals a dense infiltration of mononuclear cells, particularly CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages ( 12, 54, 85). Since studies from our laboratory have implicated cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein‐Barr virus type 1 (EBV‐1) in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis ( 14–17, 56), and these herpesviruses can infect a variety of inflammatory cells ( 3, 6, 10, 40, 42, 44, 52, 57, 74), it is important to determine which inflammatory cells of the periodontium harbor herpesviruses.…”