Immunological Basis of the Adenovirus 8-9 Cross-Reaction

Abstract

The dodecon and hexon components of adenovirus types 8 and 9 have been extensively purified for use in establishing the basis of the cross-reaction between these types. Dodecons, the complete hemagglutinins, were purified 304to 362-fold by fluorocarbon extraction, calcium phosphate batch chromatography, and ion-exchange column chromatography. Hexons, the group complement-fixation (CF) antigens, were purified 230to 240-fold by erythrocyte adsorption, ion-exchange chromatography, and exclusion chromatography. Component antisera prepared in rabbits were tested in reciprocal fashion with crude virus and dodecon and hexon components. By hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), the dodecons of types 8 and 9 demonstrated the same predominantly one-sided relationship characteristic of the crude antigens. Some neutralizing activity was associated with both dodecons and hexons of each type. However, combining anti-dodecon and anti-hexon sera or producing antisera against the combined dodecon-hexon components resulted in neutralizing titers which were identical to titers obtained with antisera against the crude virus harvests. Dodecons of each type appear to share at least one antigenic determinant with hexons of the same type, and this determinant may reside on the vertex capsomere. Hexons possess group-and type-specific determinants, as shown by CF, neutralization, and immunodiffusion tests, and may exhibit some minor relationship between types 8 and 9. The results with the purified components are consistent with the predominantly one-sided antigenic relationship between types 8 and 9 in the conventional HI tests and the largely type-specific relationship by neutralization tests.

Comparison of Immunization Methods for Producing Reference Adenovirus Antisera in Horses

“…Schedule 1 was dropped from further study. The results with schedule 3 supported our long-term experience in immunizing rabbits with various AV serotypes by the im route (7,8). It therefore appeared that the im route alone was superior to either iv method previously used.…”

Monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus: comparative neutralizing activity

“…Kinetic neutralization of 300 PFU of VS virus was performed as in Fig. 1 and 2. investigators have presented convincing arguments suggesting a multihit requirement for neutralization to occur (4,11,29). Still other studies have concluded that the efficacy of viral neutralization varies with the isotype or avidity of the neutralizing antibody (16).…”

“…Nineteen independently isolated hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus were isolated and studied for their capacity to neutralize viral infectivity. By measuring competitive binding of 125ilabeled monoclonal antibodies in a radioimmunoassay, 11 different, non-crossreacting antigenic determinants were identified on the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. All monoclonal antibodies reacting with determinants 1, 2, 3, and 4 resulted in viral neutralization, whereas those binding to the other seven determinants did not neutralize infectivity.…”

The immune response to virus infections

“…Neutralising antibody is directed largely at the hexons, whilst anti-penton serum has only weak neutralising activity and anti-fibre serum hardly any at all (Kjellen and Pereira, 1968). Although anti-penton serum has low neutralising activity, it considerably enhances the neutralising effect of anti-hexon antibody (Hierholzer and Dowdle, 1970) and furthermore anti-penton serum alone can have a significant neutralising capacity on the addition of antiglobulin (Norrby and Wadell, 1972). This suggests that critical sites are not confined to hexons alone and that maximal neutralisation reactions involve antibody reactions at more than one site.…”